Ramification jump in model extensions of degree \(p\) (Q2258055)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p>0\). Consider an immersion \(k[[t,u]] \hookrightarrow k[[x,y]]\) determined by two series \(t(x,y)\) and \(u(x,y)\). It gives rise to an extension of fields \(L/K\), where \(L=k((x))((y))\) and \(K=k((t))((u))\). An extension \(L/K\) is called a \textit{model extension} if the following three conditions are satisfied: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(t(x,y)=\delta(x,y) x^a\), where \(\delta(x,y)\) is an invertible series and \(a\) is a nonnegative integer; \item [(ii)] \(u(x,y) \equiv \varepsilon(y)y^b\) (mod \(x\)), where \(\varepsilon(y)\) is an invertible series and \(b\) is an integer nonnegative power of \(p\); \item [(iii)] \(\det \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\partial t}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial t}{\partial y} \\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} \end{pmatrix} =\gamma(x,y)x^T,\) where \(\gamma(x,y)\) is an invertible series, \(T \geq 0\). \end{itemize}} We assume that the degree of \(L/K\) equals \(p\). Denote \(\mathcal{X}=\mathrm{Spec} k[[t,u]]\) and \(\mathcal{Y}=\mathrm{Spec} k[[x,y]]\). An embedding of rings induces an epimorphism of schemes \(\mathcal{Y} \twoheadrightarrow \mathcal{X}\). Denote by \(\mathcal{R}_1\) and \(\mathcal{R}_2\) divisors that correspond to local parameters. For a positive integer \(r\), we denote by \(T_r\) the set of regular curves \(\mathcal{C}\) on \(\mathcal{X}\), passing through \((0,0)\), such that \((\mathcal{C}.\mathcal{R}_1)=1\) and \((\mathcal{C}.\mathcal{R}_2)=r\). For an irreducible curve \(\mathcal{C}\) on \(\mathcal{X}\), we define the \textit{jet of order \(n\)} by \(J_n(\mathcal{C})=\{\mathcal{C}' : (\mathcal{C}.\mathcal{C}') \geq n+1 \}\). For \(\mathcal{C} \in T_r\), we define the ramification jump \(h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K)\) as follows: Take its preimage on \(\mathcal{Y}\) and denote it by \(\mathcal{C'}\). If \(\mathcal{C}'\) is reducible, then we set \(h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K)=0\). If \(\mathcal{C}'\) is irreducible, then take a resolution of its singularity at \((0,0)\). Let \(L_1\) be a field of functions on a strict transform of \(\mathcal{C}'\) in this resolution and \(K_1\) a field of functions on \(\mathcal{C}\). The extension \(L_1/K_1\) is a separable extension of degree \(p\). Thus we set \(h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K)\) as the ramification jump of \(L_1/K_1\). Let \(T_{r,n}=\{J_n(\mathcal{C}) : \mathcal{C} \in T_r \}\). There is an embedding \(T_{r,n} \hookrightarrow \mathbb{A}_k^n\), so that the Zariski topology on \(T_{r,n}\) is defined. The author proves the following three theorems: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] For any \(r \geq 1\), there exists \(s\) such that for all \(\mathcal{C} \in T_r\), \(\mathcal{D} \in J_s(\mathcal{C})\), we have \(h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K)=h_{\mathcal{D}}(L/K)\). Let \(\mathrm{su}_{1,r}(L/K)\) be the minimal such \(s\). Then there is \(N \geq 0\) such that for any \(r\), we have \(\mathrm{su}_{1,r}(L/K) \leq Nr\). \item[2.] The supremum \(h_r(L/K)=\sup \{ h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K) : \mathcal{C} \in T_r \}\) is finite. \item[3.] Suppose \(n > \mathrm{su}_{1,r}(L/K)\). Then for any \(s \geq 0\), the set \(\{ \mathcal{C} \in T_{r,n} : h_{\mathcal{C}}(L/K) \leq s \}\) is closed in \(T_{r,n}\). \end{itemize}}