Generalized area operators on \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) (Q2258089)

Let \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+:=\mathbb{R}^n\times(0,\infty)\) be the upper half space. For any \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), let \[ \Gamma(x):=\{(y,t)\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+:\;|y-x|<t\}. \] Assume that \(\mu\) is a nonnegative measure on \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+\) and \(p\in(1,\infty]\). For any \(f\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) and \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), the generalized area function \(A_\mu(f)\) is defined by \[ A_\mu(f)(x):=\int_{\Gamma(x)}|P_t\ast f(y)|\,\frac{d\mu(y,t)}{t^n}, \] where \(P_t\ast f\) denotes the Poisson integral of \(f\). Moreover, for any cube \(Q\subset\mathbb{R}^n\), the tent over \(Q\) is defined by \[ T(Q):=Q\times(0,\ell(Q)], \] where \(\ell(Q)\) denotes the side length of \(Q\). For any \(s\in(0,\infty)\), a nonnegative measure \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+\) is called an \(s\)-Carleson measure, if \(\mu(T(Q))\leq C|Q|^s\) for some \(C\in(0,\infty)\) and all cubes \(Q\subset\mathbb{R}^n\). In this paper, the authors establish the characterization of the boundedness and compactness of the generalized area operator \(A_\mu\) from \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to \(L^q(\mathbb{R}^n)\) in terms of \(s\)-Carleson measures, where \(p,\,q\in(1,\infty)\). Moreover, in the end point case that \(p=q=1\), a weak type estimate is also obtained for the area operator \(A_\mu\), where \(\mu\) is a Carleson measure on \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+\).