Strong proximinality and intersection properties of balls in Banach spaces (Q2264020)

In this interesting paper, the authors present several results illustrating the close connection between proximinality properties and intersection properties of balls. Let \(X\) be a real Banach space and \(Y\) a closed proximinal subspace. \(Y\) is said to be strongly proximinal if for \(x \in X\) and \(\epsilon >0\), there exists a \(\delta>0\) such that \(P_Y(x,\delta) \subset P_Y(x)+ \epsilon B_Y\). Here \(P_Y(x) = \{y \in Y:d(x,Y) = \|x-y\|\}\), \(P_Y(x,\delta) = \{y \in Y : \|x-y\| < d(x,Y)+\delta\}\) and \(B_Y\) is the closed unit ball of \(Y\). If \(Y\) is also a finite-codimensional subspace, the authors show an interesting duality by proving that \(Y\) is strongly proximinal if and only if \(Y^{\bot\bot} \subset X^{\ast\ast}\) is strongly proximinal. This result has recently been strengthened by the first named author and the reviewer, by considering the strong proximinality of \(Y^{\bot\bot}\) only at points of \(X\). Another notion of proximinality studied here is that of ball proximinality [\textit{P. Bandyopadhyay} et al., in: Banach spaces and their applications in analysis. Proceedings of the international conference, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA, May 22--27, 2006. In honor of Nigel Kalton's 60th birthday. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 251--264 (2007; Zbl 1135.41011)]. A closed subspace \(Y \subset X\) is said to be ball proximinal if \(B_Y\) is a proximinal set. Such a subspace is a proximinal subspace and it is known that the converse is not true. \textit{V. Indumathi} and \textit{S. Lalithambigai} [J. Convex Anal. 18, No. 2, 353--366 (2011; Zbl 1219.46015)] studied intersection properties of balls which yield ball proximinality. The authors point out that their conclusion that \(M\)-ideals are ball proximinal is incorrect and show that in spaces with the \(3\)-binary intersection property (in particular, in Banach spaces \(X\) such that \(X^\ast\) is isometric to \(L^1(\mu)\) for some positive measure \(\mu\)), any \(M\)-ideal is ball proximinal.