On the second Dirichlet eigenvalue of some nonlinear anisotropic elliptic operators (Q2272439)

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded open set of \(\mathbb{R}^n, n \ge 2\). The main aim of this paper is to study some properties of the second Dirichlet eigenvalues of the anisotropic \(p\)-Laplacian operator: \[ -\mathcal{ Q}_pu := -\text{div}(F^{p-1}(\nabla u)\nabla F_\xi(\nabla u)), \eqno{(1)} \] where \(1 < p < +\infty\), and \(F\) is a sufficiently smooth norm on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The authors also show that the spectrum of \(-\mathcal{ Q}_p\) is a closed set, that the eigenfunctions are in \(C^{1,\alpha}(\Omega)\) and that admit a finite number of nodal domains. The first eingenvalue authors denoted by \(\lambda_1(p,\Omega)\) and study the second eigenvalue \(\lambda_2(p, \Omega), p \in ]1, +\infty[,\) in bounded open sets, defined as \[ \lambda_2(p, \Omega) := \begin{cases} \min \{\lambda > \lambda_1(p, \Omega): \lambda \; \text{is an eigenvalue}\} &\quad \text{if} \; \lambda_1(p, \Omega) \; \text{is simple}\cr \lambda_1(p, \Omega)&\quad \text{otherwise}, \cr \end{cases} \] and analyse its behavior when \(p \to \infty\). First of all, authors show that if \(\Omega\) is a domain, then \(\lambda_2(p, \Omega)\) admits exactly two nodal domains. Moreover, for a bounded open set \(\Omega\), prove a sharp lower bound for \(\lambda_2,\) namely the Hong-Krahn-Szego inequality. The main results are the following theorems. Theorem 1.1. Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded open set of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Then \[ \lambda_2(p, \Omega) \ge \lambda_2(p, \widetilde{W}), \eqno{(2)} \] where \(\widetilde{W}\) is the union of two disjoint Wulff shapes, each one of measure \(\frac{|\Omega|}{2}\). Moreover equality sign in (2) occurs if \(\Omega\) is the disjoint union of two Wulff shapes of the same measure. Theorem 1.2. Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be a bounded open set and let \(\lambda_2(p, \Omega)\) be the second Dirichlet eigenvalue of \(-\mathcal{ Q}_p\) in \(\Omega.\) Then \[ \lim\limits_{p\to \infty}\lambda_2(p, \Omega)^{\frac{1}{p}} = \Lambda_2(\infty, \Omega) = \frac{1}{\rho_{2,F} (\Omega)}, \] where \(\rho_{2,F} (\Omega)\) is the radius of two disjoint Wulff shapes \(\mathcal{ W}_1, \mathcal{ W}_2\) such that \(\mathcal{ W}_1 \cup \mathcal{ W}_2\) is contained in \(\Omega.\) Furthermore, authors prove that the normalized eigenfunctions of \(\lambda_2(p, \Omega)\) converge to a function \(u_\infty\) that is a viscosity solution to a suitable fully nonlinear elliptic problem.