Minimizing movement for a fractional porous medium equation in a periodic setting (Q2272825)

Studying and analyzing the theory of fractional calculus have been an inspirational goal to many researchers in applied analysis and functional analysis. In most research studies on fractional calculus, it is very common to see the introduction of Fractional-order Porous Medium Equation (FOPME) in many research studies and applications due to the importance of this equation in many fields such as hydrodynamics, heat transfer, control theory, fluid flow, diffusion process, and many others. For more research studies of FOPME, we refer to: [\textit{A. de Pablo} et al., Adv. Math. 226, No. 2, 1378--1409 (2011; Zbl 1208.26016); \textit{L. Caffarelli} et al., ``Regularity of solutions of the fractional porous medium flow'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1201.6048}; \textit{J. L. Vazquez}, in: Shape optimization and free boundaries. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute and Séminaire de mathématiques supérieures, held Montréal, Canada, June 25--July 13, 1990. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 347--389 (1992; Zbl 0765.76086); \textit{G. Akagi} et al., J. Differ. Equations 261, No. 6, 2935--2985 (2016; Zbl 1342.35429); \textit{Ł. Płociniczak}, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 24, No. 1--3, 169--183 (2015; Zbl 1440.76148)]. In this research paper, the authors investigate FOPME which is a generalized form of a combination of the traditional porous medium equation and fractional-order heat equation, written as follows: Given \(0<\sigma<1\), spatial-dimension \(d\geq1\), and \(m_{*}:=\frac{(d-2\sigma)_{+}}{d} < m \leq 2\), FOPME can be expressed as: \(\partial_{t} \rho + (-\triangle)^{\sigma}\rho^{m}=0\) and \(\rho(0,x)=\rho_{0}(x)\). The authors provide a detailed study of the global flow, \(\rho=\rho_{t}(x)\), with the space of periodic probability measures, known as spatial-periodic conditions, by creating and constructing a gradient flow solution associated with the internal energy functional associated to the classical porous medium equation (CPME), known as Rényi entropy functional, to the FOPME in the sense of generalized form of minimizing movement with non-local transportation distance using the action functional, known as Wasserstein distance, which is based on the Benamou-Brenier formula. Therefore, the authors did a great job in obtaining all necessary properties of nonlocality of metric and entropy, and a new proposed subdifferential calculus had to be constructed in the periodic Wasserstein space associated with a non-local metric as result. For more information about subdifferential calculus, we refer to [\textit{J. M. Borwein} and \textit{Q. J. Zhu}, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 38, No. 6, 687--773 (1999; Zbl 0933.49006)] and [``Subdifferential calculus'', in: Variational analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 421--472 (1998; Zbl 0888.49001)].