The center and cyclicity problems for quartic linear-like reversible systems (Q2280373)

The paper is devoted to the study of a family of quartic reversible polynomial systems which are linear in one of the variables and have a non-degenerate center at the origin. A system of this class having two additional non-degenerate centers located outside the direct symmetry is constructed. Two configurations of these centers are possible: aligned and triangular. The problem of the center is solved in both situations. The manifolds of centers are represented in the form of irreducible decompositions of the manifold of ideal of Lyapunov quantities. In the triangular configuration of the centers, limit cycles obtained from the simultaneous degenerate Hopf bifurcation in the class of quartic polynomials are studied. It is proved that there exist fourth-degree polynomial perturbations such that at least \(13\) small limit cycles are generated from the centers of the system. Two configurations of such limit cycles are presented: \((4, 5, 4)\) and \((3, 7, 3)\). It should be noted that in Section 4, difficulties in calculating the Gröbner basis of the ideal \(B\) of the five Lyapunov quantities can be easily overcome by replacing \(c=(a^2+b^2)s\), \(a=\sqrt{(A-b)b}\) . Then, instead of the ideal \(B\), we need to consider an ideal composed of the remainder of dividing \(L_i\), \(i=\overline{2,5}\), by \(L_1\) in the lexicographic order \(Z=\{s, A, b, d\}\). The Gröbner basis is found by adding the term \(1+t(A-b)b\) to the resulting ideal and in the lexicographic order \(\{t, s, A, b, d\}\). It has \(25\) components, where the first one is the following \[ (A-b-d)d(2+bd)(-2b+2d+Abd-2b^2d)(2+Ad-d^2)(-8-2bd+2d^2+Abd^2)(4+4bd+2d^2+Abd^2). \] The authors note that before the publication of Christopher's theorem on the cyclicity of the center, similar results were derived by Chicone, Jacobs, Han. We also note that the main idea of the theorem has been used in the paper [\textit{A. E. Rudenok}, Differ. Equations 23, No. 5, 561--569 (1987; Zbl 0632.34023); translation from Differ. Uravn. 23, No. 5, 825--834 (1987)].