Asymptotics of the solutions of second-order differential equations with regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities (Q2284506)

The following differential equation is considered : \[ y''=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\alpha_i p_i(t)\varphi_i(y), \tag{1} \] in which \(\alpha_i\in\{-1;1\} (i=\overline{1,m})\), \(p_i\in C\left([a;+\infty[\right)\) (\(i=\overline{1,m}\), \(-\infty<a<\omega\le +\infty[\)) -- are continuous functions, \(\varphi_i:\Delta_{Y_0}\longrightarrow ]0,+\infty[\) (\(\Delta_{Y_0}\) -- is a one-sided neighborhood of \(Y_0\), \(Y_0\) equals to zero or to \(\pm\infty\)) are continuous functions in the case \(i=\overline{1,l}\), and in the case \(i=\overline{l+1,m}\), they are twice continuously differentiable and satisfy the conditions \[ \lim_{\overset{y\to Y_0}{y\in\Delta_{Y_0}}}\frac{\varphi_i(\lambda y)}{\varphi_i(y)}=\lambda^{\sigma_i}\;\;(i=\overline{1,l}) \mbox{ for any } \lambda>0, \tag{2} \] \[ \varphi'_i(y)\neq0 \mbox{ as } y \in\Delta_{Y_0}, \lim\limits_{\overset{y \rightarrow Y_0}{y\in\,\Delta_{Y_0}}}\varphi_i(y)\in\{0,+\infty\}, \] \[ \lim\limits_{\overset{y\rightarrow Y_0}{y \in\, \Delta_{Y_0}}}\frac{\displaystyle{\varphi_i(y)\varphi_i''(y)}}{\displaystyle{\left(\varphi_i'(y)\right)^2}}=1,\;\; (i=\overline{l+1,m}) \tag{3} \] The conditions (2) entail that the functions \(\varphi_i\) (\(i=\overline{1,l}\)) are regularly varying functions of indeces \(\sigma_i\) (\(i=\overline{1,l}\)) as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). From the conditions (3) it follows that the functions \(\varphi_i\) \((i=\overline{l+1,m})\) and their derivatives of the first order are rapidly varying functions as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). Thus, the differential equation which is considered in the article contains the sum of both regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities. Results on the asymptotic behavior of \(P_\omega(Y_0,\lambda_0)\)-solutions of the differential equation (1) are only known in the case when the righthand side of equation (1) has only one term with regularly or rapidly varying nonlinearity. In the previous work of these authors, the asymptotic properties of \(P_\omega(Y_0,\lambda_0)\)-solutions of the equation (1) in the case \(\lambda_0\in \mathbb{R}\setminus \{0;1\}\) were established in the case when the main term on the right side of the equation is a term with a regularly varying function as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\), see [\textit{V. M. Evtukhov} and \textit{N. P. Kolun}, J. Math. Sci., New York 240, No. 1, 34--47 (2019; Zbl 1422.34153); translation from Mat. Metody Fiz.-Mekh. Polya 60, No. 1, 32--42 (2017)]. The article consists of introduction, three parts and references. The main results are given in the Theorems 3.1 and 3.2. In Theorem 3.1, necessary conditions for the existence of \( P_\omega (Y_0, \lambda_0) \)-solutions of equation (1) are obtained. In Theorem 3.2, under additional conditions on the functions \( \varphi_i\) \((i = \overline{l + 1, m}) \), sufficient conditions for the existence of \( P_\omega (Y_0, \lambda_0) \)-solutions of equation (1) for \( \lambda_0 \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \{0; 1 \} \) are found. The authors also obtain in explicit form the asymptotic representations of such solutions and their first-order derivatives, and determine the number of such solutions. An example of a differential equation of form (1) is given at the last part of the article, in which the equation contains two terms: the first term -- with power nonlinearity, and the second term -- with exponential nonlinearity. For such an equation, the results of Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 are concretized and formulated as corollaries. In my opinion, the results presented in the article are very important for the further study of asymptotic representations of solutions of second-order differential equations with nonlinearities of different types.