Asymptotic profile of solutions to a certain chemotaxis system (Q2286201)

The authors study the chemotaxis system with consumption \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t n = \Delta n - \nabla \cdot (n \nabla c), & \quad (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \times (0,\infty), \\ \partial_t c = \Delta c - nc, & \quad (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \times (0,\infty), \end{cases} \] endowed with positive initial data \((n_0,c_0) \in (L^1(\mathbb{R}^2) \cap L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)) \times (L^1(\mathbb{R}^2) \cap L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^2))\) such that \(\nabla \sqrt{c_0} \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\). Here \(n\) is the cell density and \(c\) the concentration of a chemical, e.g. oxygen, and it is assumed that the cells are attracted by the chemical and consume the latter. The existence of a unique global solution has been shown in [\textit{Q. Zhang} and \textit{X. Zheng}, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46, No. 4, 3078--3105 (2014; Zbl 1444.35011)]. The authors now prove the following large time behavior: Denoting by \(G(x,t) := (4\pi t)^{-1} \exp(\frac{|x|^2}{4t})\) the heat kernel and by \(e^{t\Delta}\) the heat semigroup on \(\mathbb{R}^2\), the authors show that \[ \| n(t) - e^{t\Delta} n_0 \|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^2)} \le C_p t^{-\frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{p}} \quad \forall t>0, \] \[ \| c(t) - M_c G(t) \|_{L^q(\mathbb{R}^2)} = o \left(t^{-1 + \frac{1}{q}} \right) \quad \mbox{as } t \to \infty \] hold for any \(p \in [1,\infty]\) and \(q \in [1,\infty)\) and that, if in addition \(n_0 \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^2; (1+|x|^2)dx)\), then also \[\| n(t) - M_n G(t) \|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^2)} \le C_p t^{-\frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{p}} \quad \forall t>0\] is satisfied, where \(M_n\) is the initial cell mass. The proofs in particular rely on appropriate energy estimates and properties of the heat semigroup.