Perturbations of Gibbs semigroups and the non-selfadjoint harmonic oscillator (Q2286483)

Given a generator \(T\) of a \(C_0\)-semigroup \(\mathrm{e}^{-T t}\) which is of trace class for all \(t > 0\), that is, a Gibbs semigroup, and \(A\) a closed operator which is \(T\)-bounded and with \(T\)-bound equal to zero, there are established sufficient conditions on \(A\) such that that \(T + A\) is the generator of a Gibbs semigroup as well, in terms of the convergence of the Dyson-Phillips expansion in certain Schatten-von Neumann norms. The motivation and the main application of this abstract result is when \(T\) is the nonselfadjoint harmonic oscillation operator \(H_\theta=-\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}\theta} \partial_x^2+\mathrm{e^{\mathrm{i}\theta}} x^2\), for \(-\pi/2<\theta<\pi/2\), acting on \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\) and with domain \(H^2(\mathbb{R})\cap \widehat{H^2(\mathbb{R})}\), and the perturbation operator \(A\) associated to a locally integrable complex potential \(V\) such that \(|V(x)|\leq a|x|^\alpha+b\) for all \(x\in\mathbb{R}\), where \(0\leq \alpha<2\), \(a>0\), and \(b\in\mathbb{R}\). More precisely, it is shown that \(H_\theta+V\) is the generator of a Gibbs semigroup for all \(|\mathrm{arg}\theta|\leq \frac{\pi}{2}-|\theta|\) and \(\theta\neq 0\). In addition, the eigenvalue asymptotics and the resolvent norm of the perturbed operator are also studied.