On the discrete spectrum of non-selfadjoint operators (Q734335)

This paper is devoted to the study of the set of isolated eigenvalues of non-selfadjoint unbounded operators (acting on a Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}\)) of the form \(H= H_0+ M\), \(\text{dom\,}H= \text{dom\,}H_0\), where {\parindent4mm \begin{itemize}\item[--] \(H_0\) is selfadjoint with spectrum \(\sigma(H_0)= [0,\infty)\). \item[--]For some \(p> 0\) and \(\lambda\in \mathbb{C}\setminus[0,\infty)\), \(M(\lambda- H_0)^{-1}\in S_p\) (the Schatten class of order \(p\)). \item[--]There exists an \(\omega\geq 0\) such that the numerical range \(N(H)\) satisfies \(\sigma(H)\subset \overline{N(H)}\subset\{\lambda\in \mathbb{C}; \mathbb{R}(\lambda)\geq -\omega_0\}\). \item[--]\(\| M(\lambda- H_0)^{-1}\|_{S_p}\) satisfies a certain bound which in particular restricts its growth as \(\lambda\) approaches the spectrum of \(H_0\), and as \(|\lambda|\) goes to infinity. \end{itemize}} It is shown that these assumptions can be used to derive quantitative information on the set of eigenvalues, in particular on how fast sequences in the discrete spectrum \(\sigma_d(H)\) must converge to the essential spectrum \(\sigma_{\text{ess}}(H)= [0,\infty)\). The proof of this abstract result is based on the construction of a holomorphic function whose zeros are the eigenvalues of \(H\), and using complex analysis to obtain information on these zeros. Then this result is applied to Schrödinger operators with a complex potential, namely, for \({\mathcal H}= L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\), \(d\geq 2\), \(H_0=-\Delta\), \(M= M_V\) (the operator of multiplication with a complex-valued potential \(V\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)\), \(p>{d\over 2}\), \(p\geq 2\)). For example, the authors prove that, for any \(\tau\in (0,1)\) and \(\varepsilon> 0\), \[ \sum_{\lambda\in \sigma_d(H),\,|\lambda|\geq\varepsilon} |\lambda|^{-{d\over 2}+ 2\tau}\text{dist}(\lambda, [0,\infty))^{p+\tau}\leq C\Biggl(1+{1\over \varepsilon}\Biggr)^\gamma \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} |V(y)|^p \,dy \] with some constants \(C\) and \(\gamma\) (independent of \(\varepsilon\)).