A posteriori error estimation for a singularly perturbed Volterra integro-differential equation (Q2290919)

In this paper, the following weakly singular Volterra integro-differential equation is discussed: \[ Lu(x) := \varepsilon u'(x)+a(x)u(x)+\int\limits_{0}^{x}(x-s)^{-\alpha}u(s)ds=f(x), \quad x\in(0,1], \; u(0)=A, \tag{1} \] where \(a(x)\ge \beta>0\) is a sufficiently smooth function, \(0<\alpha<1\), and \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. The function \(f(x)\) is continuous in \(x\) and regular with respect to \(\varepsilon\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\). The singularity of the exact solution of this problem may be caused by the small parameter and the weak singularity in the integral term. Since a priori information about the exact solution is difficult to obtain, the authors use an \textit{a posteriori} adapted mesh to capture the singular behavior of the solution. The upwind difference method to discretize problem (1) is applied. The stability properties and a posteriori error analysis for the discrete scheme are given. An \textit{a posteriori} adaptive algorithm based on error analysis is established by equidistributing an arc-length monitor function which attempts to automatically detect the singular behavior of the solution. Several numerical examples are also presented to confirm theoretical results.