Non-commutative generalization of integrable quadratic ODE systems (Q2300929)

In this paper the authors find all homogeneous quadratic systems of ordinary differential equations with two dependent variables that have polynomial first integrals and satisfy the Kowalevski-Lyapunov test. Such systems have infinitely many polynomial infinitesimal symmetries. They describe all possible noncommutative generalizations of these systems and their symmetries. As a result, new integrable quadratic homogeneous systems of ordinary differential equations with two noncommutative variables are constructed. Their integrable noncommutative inhomogeneous generalizations are found. In particular, a noncommutative generalization of a Hamiltonian flow on an elliptic curve is presented. The existence of a Lax pair allows one to integrate some systems by the inverse scattering method. The AKS-scheme is another integration method and sometimes it is possible to find an explicit transformation that reduces the nonlinear system to a linear one. Any matrix system found in this paper can be integrated by one of these methods. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. Section 2 deals with integrable scalar homogeneous polynomial systems with two variables. Section 3 concerns noncommutative systems and is divided in three parts. The first one contains known results. The second part deals with noncommutative generalizations in the case of three roots. The third part tackles the case of noncommutative generalizations in the cases of two and one roots. Section 4 concerns integrable inhomogeneous generalizations. Section 5 is devoted to integrability of noncommutative systems in the matrix case and is divided in three parts. The first one deals with integrable matrix generalization of a flow on an elliptic curve. The second part deals with Lax representation and the third part with first integrals. Finally, some remarks and problems are proposed in Section 6.