On rational cuspidal plane curves and the local cohomology of Jacobian rings (Q2301916)

From MaRDI portal
scientific article
Language Label Description Also known as
English
On rational cuspidal plane curves and the local cohomology of Jacobian rings
scientific article

    Statements

    On rational cuspidal plane curves and the local cohomology of Jacobian rings (English)
    0 references
    25 February 2020
    0 references
    Let \(S = \mathbb{C}[x,y,z]\) be the graded polynomial ring and let \(C : f=0\) be a reduced curve of degree \(d\) in the complex projective plane. The minimal degree of a Jacobian relation for the polynomial \(f\) is the integer \(\mathrm{mdr}(f)\) defined to be the smallest integer \(m\geq0\) such that there is a non-trivial relation \[ af_{x} + bf_{y} + cf_{z} = 0 \] among the partial derivatives \(f_{x},f_{y},f_{z}\) with the coefficients \(a,b,c \in S_{m}\). If \(\mathrm{mdr}(f)=0\), then \(C\) is a pencil of lines. For a curve \(C\) we denote by \(\tau(C)\) the total Tjurina number and by \(J_{f}\) the Jacobian ideal of \(f\). We define the Milnor algebra \(M(f) :=S / J_{f}\). Denote by \(I_{f}\) the saturation of \(J_{f}\) with respect to the ideal \((x,y,z)\) and consider \(N(f) = I_{f} / J_{f}\). Let \(n(f)_{k} = \dim\, N(f)_{k}\) for an integer \(k\) and we set \[\nu(C) = \max_{j} \, \{ n(f)_{j}\}.\] In the paper under review the author provides an interesting description of rational cuspdal curves with weighted homogeneous singularities. Proposition 1. Let \(C : f = 0\) be an irreducible curve in the complex projective plane of degree \(d\geq 6\). The following properties are equivalent: i) \(\tau(C) \geq d^2 - 4d + 8\); ii) \(r = \mathrm{mdr}(f) = 1\); iii) \(C\) is a rational cuspidal curve with weighted homogeneous singularities. The above proposition allows to give the following classification result. Main Theorem. Let \(C\) be a rational cuspidal curve of degree \(d\geq 6\) such that \(C\) has only weighted homogeneous singularities. Then \(C\) is projective equivalent to exactly one of the following \(\phi(d)/2\) models \[C_{d,k} : y^{d} + x^{k}z^{d-k},\] where \(k\) is the integer with \(1 \leq k < d/2\), \(k\) is relative prime to \(d\), and \(\phi(\cdot )\) is the Euler function. The second main result of the paper, a general one, gives an interesting description of \(\nu(C)\). Theorem 1. Let \(C : f = 0\) be a reduced plane curve of degree \(d\) and let \(r = \mathrm{mdr}(f)\). Then the following conditions hold: i) if \(r < d/2\), then \(\nu(C) = (d-1)^{2} - r(d-1-r) - \tau(C)\); ii) if \(r \geq (d-2)/2\), then \[ \nu(C) =\bigg\lceil \frac{3}{4}(d-1)^{2} \bigg\rceil - \tau(C). \] At last, the author proposes a stronger version (or variation) on Terao's conjecture for line arrangements in the complex projective plane. Conjecture. If \(\mathcal{L}\) is an arrangement of lines in the complex projective plane, then the invariant \(\nu(\mathcal{L})\) is combinatorially determined.
    0 references
    0 references
    Jacobian ideal
    0 references
    free curve
    0 references
    Tjurina number
    0 references
    nearly free curve
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references

    Identifiers

    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references