The Hermite-Hadamard inequality in higher dimensions (Q2303799)

The classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality states that if \(f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}\) is convex, then \[\frac{1}{b-a} \int_a^b f(x)\, \mathrm{d} x \leq \frac{f(a)+f(b)}{2}.\] In the present paper, the author establishes a generalization of this result to higher dimensions. Therefore, let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be a convex domain and let \(f:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}\) be a convex function. If \(f\big\vert_{\partial \Omega} \geq 0\), then \[\frac{1}{|\Omega|} \int_{\Omega} f \, \mathrm{d} \mathcal{H}^n \leq \frac{c_n}{|\partial \Omega|} \int_{\partial \Omega} f \, \mathrm{d} \mathcal{H}^{n-1}\] where \(c_n=2\pi^{-1/2} n^{n+1}\). In order to prove this result, the Lebesgue measure on \(\Omega\) is in a certain way transported to a measure on \(\partial \Omega\). Note, that the constant \(c_n\) is not optimal. However, the author points out that due to an example by \textit{P. Pasteczka} [Ann. Univ. Paedagog. Crac., Stud. Math. 233(17), 37--43 (2018; Zbl 1428.26065)], the inequality fails in general for \(c_n=1\). Furthermore, the optimal constant \(\bar{c}_n\) needs to satisfy \[\bar{c}_n \leq \left(1+\frac{1}{4n}+o(n^{-1}) \right) n^{n+1}\] as well as \(9/8 \leq \bar{c}_2 \leq 8\). Similar inequalities are established for subharmonic functions on simply connected domains in dimension 2 and convex domains in dimension \(n\geq 3\). Moreover, a Hermite-Hadamard-type inequality is established for subharmonic functions on smooth domains which are ``sufficiently flat''.