The Hermite-Hadamard inequality in higher dimensions

Convexity of real functions of several variables, generalizations (26B25) Inequalities for sums, series and integrals (26D15) Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory (28A75) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in two dimensions (31A05) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in higher dimensions (31B05) Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50)

Abstract: The Hermite-Hadamard inequality states that the average value of a convex function on an interval is bounded from above by the average value of the function at the endpoints of the interval. We provide a generalization to higher dimensions: let

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{n}

be a convex domain and let

f : O m e g a i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b R

be a convex function satisfying

, then

frac{1}{|Omega|} int_{Omega}{f ~d mathcal{H}^n} leq frac{2 pi^{-1/2} n^{n+1}}{|partial Omega|} int_{partial Omega}{f~d mathcal{H}^{n-1}}.

The constant

2 p i^{- 1 / 2} n^{n + 1}

is presumably far from optimal, however, it cannot be replaced by 1 in general. We prove slightly stronger estimates for the constant in two dimensions where we show that

9 / 8 l e q c_{2} l e q 8

. We also show, for some universal constant

c > 0

, if

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{2}

is simply connected with smooth boundary,

f : O m e g a i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b R_{}

is subharmonic, i.e.

D e l t a f g e q 0

, and

, then

int_{Omega}{f~ d mathcal{H}^2} leq c cdot mbox{inradius}(Omega) int_{partial Omega}{ f ~dmathcal{H}^{1}}.

We also prove that every domain

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{n}

whose boundary is 'flat' at a certain scale

d e l t a

admits a Hermite-Hadamard inequality for all subharmonic functions with a constant depending only on the dimension, the measure

| O m e g a |

and the scale

d e l t a

.

Review text

The classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality states that if \(f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}\) is convex, then \[\frac{1}{b-a} \int_a^b f(x)\, \mathrm{d} x \leq \frac{f(a)+f(b)}{2}.\] In the present paper, the author establishes a generalization of this result to higher dimensions. Therefore, let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be a convex domain and let \(f:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}\) be a convex function. If \(f\big\vert_{\partial \Omega} \geq 0\), then \[\frac{1}{|\Omega|} \int_{\Omega} f \, \mathrm{d} \mathcal{H}^n \leq \frac{c_n}{|\partial \Omega|} \int_{\partial \Omega} f \, \mathrm{d} \mathcal{H}^{n-1}\] where \(c_n=2\pi^{-1/2} n^{n+1}\). In order to prove this result, the Lebesgue measure on \(\Omega\) is in a certain way transported to a measure on \(\partial \Omega\). Note, that the constant \(c_n\) is not optimal. However, the author points out that due to an example by \textit{P. Pasteczka} [Ann. Univ. Paedagog. Crac., Stud. Math. 233(17), 37--43 (2018; Zbl 1428.26065)], the inequality fails in general for \(c_n=1\). Furthermore, the optimal constant \(\bar{c}_n\) needs to satisfy \[\bar{c}_n \leq \left(1+\frac{1}{4n}+o(n^{-1}) \right) n^{n+1}\] as well as \(9/8 \leq \bar{c}_2 \leq 8\). Similar inequalities are established for subharmonic functions on simply connected domains in dimension 2 and convex domains in dimension \(n\geq 3\). Moreover, a Hermite-Hadamard-type inequality is established for subharmonic functions on smooth domains which are ``sufficiently flat.

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