The Poincaré homology sphere, lens space surgeries, and some knots with tunnel number two (Q2306068)

The Berge conjecture posits that any knot in \(S^{3}\) with a lens space surgery is doubly primitive. In this paper, the author considers knots in the Poincaré homology sphere and uses double branched coverings and the Montesinos trick to construct a family of knots which provide counterexamples to the analogy to the Berge conjecture for Poincaré homology spheres, i.e., these knots have lens space surgeries but are not doubly primitive, and in fact they have tunnel number two. Additionally, the author clarifies and corrects some earlier work and classifies Hedden's almost-simple knots. In the Appendix, N. R. Hoffman studies symmetries of a hyperbolic knot in the Poincaré homology sphere with a lens space surgery and proves that it has either no symmetries or just a single strong involution.