Damped superlinear Duffing equation with strong singularity of repulsive type (Q2307316)

The paper is concerned with the damped Duffing equation \[ x'' + C x' + g(x) = p(t), \qquad x \in \mathbb{R}, \] where \(C \geq 0\), \(p: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous and \(T\)-periodic and \(g: (0,+\infty) \to \mathbb{R}\) has a strong singularity of repulsive type at the origin and is superlinear at infinity. By the use of a twist theorem for nonarea-preserving maps due to W. Ding, the existence of periodic (both harmonic and subharmonic) solutions is first proved. Then, for the specific equation \[ x'' + C x' + a x^3 + x - \frac{1}{x} = \cos (2\pi t), \] (\(a > 0\)) a bifurcation analysis is performed, showing the appearance of fold bifurcation, period doubling bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, leading to harmonic solutions, subharmonic solutions and quasiperiodic solutions. Some numerical simulations for the phase portraits and corresponding Poincaré sections are provided.