A note on strictly \({\omega}\)-balanced topological groups (Q2312463)

In [Usp. Mat. Nauk 8, No. 6(58), 107--113 (1953; Zbl 0052.26304)], \textit{G. I. Kac} gave characterizations of subgroups of a product of first-countable (metrizable) topological groups. Later in [Sov. Math., Dokl. 23, 173--175 (1981; Zbl 0478.22002); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 256, 1305--1307 (1981)], \textit{I. I. Guran} characterized the subgroups of a product of second-countable topological groups. Recently, paratopological groups and semitopological groups have been studied by many scholars. In [Topology Appl. 156, No. 7, 1298--1305 (2009; Zbl 1166.54016)], \textit{M. Tkachenko} extended the theorems of Kac and Guran to paratopological groups. In [ibid. 204, 198--203 (2016; Zbl 1342.54023)], \textit{H. Juárez-Anguiano} and the present author gave an internal characterization of subgroups of products of strongly metrizable topological groups. This motivated them, and also \textit{L.-H. Xie} and \textit{Y.-Y. Jin} [ibid. 252, 72--80 (2019; Zbl 1426.54027)] to give characterizations of subgroups of products of strongly metrizable semitopological groups via completely \(\omega\)-balanced semitopological groups and strictly \(\omega\)-balanced semitopological groups, respectively. Also, Xie and Jin [loc. cit.] asked whether every metrizable topological group is strictly \(\omega\)-balanced. In this paper, using the hypergroup of \textit{S. Hartman} and \textit{J. Mycielski} [Colloq. Math. 5, 167--169 (1958; Zbl 0086.02601)], the author constructs a metrizable topological group, but not strictly \(\omega\)-balanced. This answers a question posed by Xie and Jin [loc. cit.]. The results are very interesting.