Classification of rings with crosscap two class of graphs (Q2312646)

The genus \(\gamma(G)\) of a simple graph \(G\) is the minimum \(\ell\) such that \(G\) can be embedded in a sphere with \(\ell\) handles, and the crosscap number \(\tilde{\gamma}(G)\) of \(G\) is the minimum \(k\) such that \(G\) can be embedded in a sphere with \(k\) crosscaps attached to it. In this paper the authors characterize all finite commutative rings \(R\) whose zero-divisor graphs \(\Gamma(R)\) and total graphs \(T(\Gamma(R))\) have crosscap number two, respectively. This confirms the conjecture that \(\tilde{\gamma}(\Gamma(R))\geq \gamma (\Gamma(R))\) posed by \textit{H.-J. Chiang-Hsieh} [J. Algebra 319, No. 7, 2789--2802 (2008; Zbl 1143.13029)] and the conjecture that \(\tilde{\gamma}(T(\Gamma(R)))\geq \gamma (T(\Gamma(R)))\) posed by \textit{K. Khashyarmanesh} and \textit{M. R. Khorsandi} [Rocky Mt. J. Math. 43, No. 4, 1207--1213 (2013; Zbl 1284.13034)] when crosscap numbers are equal to two.