Homological infinity of 4D universe for every 3-manifold (Q2312911)

A 4D \textit{universe} (resp. 4D \textit{punctured universe}) \(U\) is a connected oriented open 4-dimensional manifold with every closed oriented \(3\)-manifold \(M\) (resp. punctured closed \(3\)-manifold \(M\)) embedded. In this survey paper the author explains and expands the results he obtained about 4D universes and punctured universes in his previous papers, in particular [Topology Appl. 196, Part B, 575--593 (2015; Zbl 1334.57023); ibid. 264, 66--78 (2019; Zbl 1430.57011)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1411.55001].