On 4-dimensional universe for every 3-dimensional manifold (Q897440)

A universe in the present context is a connected, open, orientable 4-manifold in which every connected closed orientable 3-manifold embeds. There is a parallel notion of punctured universe, in which every connected, orientable, punctured 3-manifold embeds. This paper investigates algebraic necessary conditions on such universes, and on several refinements which take into account whether or not every 3-manifold embeds in a non-separating manner.