Perturbations of Donoghue classes and inverse problems for L-systems (Q2313022)

This paper is a part of a continuing project for classifying Herglotz-Nevalinna functions via the structures of \(L\)-systems. In the previous works, it was shown that a scalar Herglotz-Nevalinna function with unbounded representing measure can be realized by an \(L\)-system for any constant term in the function integral representation. In this paper, the authors look further into the structure of the realizing \(L\)-system and consequently improve their previous result for scalar Herglotz-Nevalinna functions. They first introduce linear perturbations of the Donoghue classes of scalar Herglotz-Nevalinna functions by a real constant \(Q\) and then establish explicit formula describing, in terms of \(Q\), the modulus of the von Neumann parameter \(\kappa=\kappa(Q)\) and the unimodular one \(U=U(Q)\) associated with the main operator of a realizing \(L\)-system. As a result, the perturbed \(L\)-systems are derived from the perturbation parameter \(Q\) and a given non-perturbed \(L\)-system.