Compacton solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation with constrained nonlinear dispersion (Q2314202)

The aim of this paper is to study the shapes of compacton solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation with nonlinear and dispersion terms that are bounded functions of the solution in the form of a smoothed step. Much attention is given to testing the numerical scheme on analytical soliton and compacton solutions. This is associated with the fact that the new found solutions have singularities not only near zero, but also exhibit a peakon-type singularity at the maximum. Since analytical solutions are not available in this case, the substantiation of the form of these solutions is based entirely on the capabilities of the scheme, which has up to four tuning parameters. Special attention is given to choosing a suitable damping function, and the gained experience can be useful in the numerical simulation of equations having solutions with singularities. The numerical solution of initial value problems is used to obtain compacton and kovaton solutions of \(K(f^m, g^n)\) equations generalizing the KdV \(K(u^2, u^1)\) and Rosenau-Hyman \(K(u^m, u^n)\) equations to more general dependences of the nonlinear and dispersion terms on the solution \(u\). The functions \(f(u)\) and \(g(u)\) determining their form can be linear or can have the form of a smoothed step. It is shown that peakocompacton and peakosoliton solutions exist depending on the form of the nonlinearity and dispersion. They represent transient forms combining the properties of solitons, compactons, and peakons. It is shown that these solutions can exist against an inhomogeneous and nonstationary background. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is a brief overview of the basic methods used for the numerical simulation of the considered equations. Section 2 concerns testing of the numerical method. In the problems under study, the method can be tested in several directions. Section 3 deals with compacton of the KdV equation with constrained dispersion. The author considers solutions of the KdV equation with a dispersion term in the form of a smoothed step for \(n=1\) and \(n=3\). Section 4 deals with properties of compactons with constrained nonlinearity. The author considers solutions corresponding to constrained nonlinearity and constrained or unconstrained dispersion. In these cases, kovaton solutions appear along with compacton ones. The initial data were specified using a Gaussian function.