Asymptotic representations of the solutions of differential equations with regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities (Q2314258)

The following differential equation is considered in the article: \[ y''=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\alpha_i p_i(t)\varphi_i(y). \tag{1} \] Here \(\alpha_i\in\{-1;1\} (i=\overline{1,m})\), \(p_i\in C\left([a;+\infty[\right) (i=\overline{1,m}, -\infty<a<\omega\le +\infty[)\) are continuous functions, \(\varphi_i:\Delta_{Y_0}\longrightarrow ]0,+\infty[\) (\(\Delta_{Y_0}\) is one-sided neighborhood of \(Y_0\), \(Y_0\) equals to zero or to \(\pm\infty\)) are continuous functions in case \(i=\overline{1,l}\), and in case \(i=\overline{l+1,m}\) they are twice continuously differentiable and satisfy the conditions \[ \lim_{\substack{y\to Y_0\\ y\in\Delta_{Y_0}}}\frac{\varphi_i(\lambda y)}{\varphi_i(y)}=\lambda^{\sigma_i} \ \ (i=\overline{1,l}) \text{ for all } \lambda>0, \tag{2} \] \[ \varphi'_i(y)\neq0 y \in\Delta_{Y_0}, \ \ \lim_{\substack{y \rightarrow Y_0\\ y \in\,\Delta_{Y_0}}}\varphi_i(y)\in\{0,+\infty\}, \] \[ \lim_{\substack{y\rightarrow Y_0\\ y \in\, \Delta_{Y_0}}} \frac{\varphi_i(y)\varphi_i''(y)}{\left(\varphi_i'( y)\right)^2}=1, \ \ (i=\overline{l+1,m}) \tag{3} \] Conditions (2) entail that functions \(\varphi_i (i=\overline{1,l})\) are regularly varying functions of indexes \(\sigma_i(i=\overline{1,l})\) as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). From conditions (3) it follows that functions \(\varphi_i (i=\overline{l+1,m})\) and their derivatives of the first order are rapidly varying functions as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). Thus, the differential equation that is considered in the article contains the sum of both regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities. Differential equations containing the sum of terms with both regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities have not been considered before. In the literature, results are known for equations with only regularly or with only rapidly varying nonlinearities, when the argument tends to zero or to infinity. The asymptotic properties of \(P_\omega(Y_0,\lambda_0)\)-solutions of the equation (1) in case \(\lambda_0\in R\setminus \{0;1\}\) are established in the article in the case when the main term on the right side of the equation is a term with a regularly varying function as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). The solution \(y\) of the equation (1), that is defined on the interval \([t_0,\omega[\subset[a,\omega[\), is called \(P_{\omega}(Y_0,Y_1,\lambda_0)\)-solution (\(-\infty\leq\lambda_0\leq+\infty\)), if the next conditions take place \[ \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}y(t)=Y_0,\quad \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}y'(t)\in\{0;\pm\infty\}, \quad \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}\frac{y'^2(t)}{y''(t)y(t)}=\lambda_0.\tag{4} \] In case \(\lambda_0\in R\setminus \{0;1\}\) such solutions of equation (1) and their derivatives of the first order are regularly varying functions of nonzero orders as \(t \uparrow \omega\). The main results are given in Theorems 1 and 2. In Theorem 1, the necessary conditions for the existence of \(P_\omega (Y_0, \lambda_0)\)-solutions of the equation (1) are obtained. In Theorem 2, under additional conditions on the functions \(\varphi_i\) (\(i = \overline{l + 1, m}\)), sufficient conditions for the existence of \(P_\omega (Y_0, \lambda_0)\)-solutions of the equation (1) for \(\lambda_0 \in R \setminus \{0; 1 \}\) are found. The explicit form the asymptotic representations of such solutions and their first-order derivatives has been obtained. An example of a differential equation of the form (1) is given. The equation contains two terms: the first term -- with power nonlinearity, and the second term -- with exponential nonlinearity. For such equation, the results of Theorems 1 and 2 are concretized, and formulated as a corollary. The results presented in the article are very important for the further study of asymptotic representations of solutions of second-order differential equations with nonlinearities of various types.