Compactness of Riesz transform commutator on stratified Lie groups (Q2314543)

Let \(G\) be a connected, simply connected nilpotent Lie group, identified with its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\). The group is said to be stratified if \[ \mathfrak{g} = \bigoplus_{i =1}^s V_i \quad [V_1, V_i] = V_{i+1}\text{ for }i \leq (s-1)\text{ and }[V_1, V_s] = 0. \] Let \(\operatorname{dim} \mathfrak{g} = N\) and let \(\{X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_N \}\) be a basis adapted to the stratification. The sub-Laplacian of \(\mathfrak{g}\) is defined by \[ \Delta = \sum_{j=1}^n X_j^2, \text{where }n =\operatorname{dim}V_1. \] The \(j^{\text{th}}\) Riesz transform is then defined by \(X_j (-\Delta)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\), which is a convolution operator with kernel \(K_j\). It is well known that \(K_j \in C^\infty (\mathfrak{g} \setminus \{0\})\) and \(K_j(\delta_r g) = r^{-Q} K_j(g)\) where \(\delta_r\) denote the family of dilations (\(r > 0\)) given by the stratification and \(Q\) is the homogeneous dimension of \(G\). The purpose of this paper is a characterization of functions whose commutator with the Riesz transforms is compact. This is achieved by obtaining certain lower bounds for the kernel \(K_j\) of the Riesz transforms. More precisely, for a homogeneous norm \(\rho\) on \(G\), we have: (I) There exists a large positive constant \(r_0\) and a positive constant \(C\) such that for every \(g \in G\) there exists a twisted truncated sector \(G_g \subset G\) satisfying \( \inf_{g' \in G_g} \rho(g, g') = r_0\) and that for every \(g_1 \in B_{\rho}(g, 1)\) and \(g_2 \in G_g\) \[ |K_j (g_1, g_2)| \geq C \rho(g_1, g_2)^{-Q}, |K_j(g_2, g_1)| \geq C \rho(g_1, g_2)^{-Q}. \] (II) Let \(1 < p < \infty\) and \(w \in A_p(G)\), \(b \in L^1_{\text{loc}}(G)\). Then \(b \in\operatorname{VMO}(G)\) if and only if for some \(\ell \in \{1, 2, \dots, n\}\), the Riesz transform commutator \([b, R_{\ell}]\) is compact on \(L^p_w(G)\).