Nonorientable, incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles over \(S^1\) (Q2317548)

Let \(M_\phi\) be the once-punctured torus bundle over \(S^1\) with monodromy map \(\phi\). The orientable incompressible, boundary-incompressible surfaces in \(M_\phi\) were classified by \textit{M. Culler} et al. [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 45, 385--419 (1982; Zbl 0515.57002)], and in the case where the monodromy map \(\phi\) is hyperbolic, by \textit{W. Floyd} and \textit{A. E. Hatcher} [Topology Appl. 13, 263--282 (1982; Zbl 0493.57004)]. In this present article, the latter result is extended to a classification of all nonorientable incompressible, boundary-incompressible surfaces properly embedded in \(M_\phi\) when \(\phi\) is hyperbolic. There are several distinct types of incompressible surfaces arising in this classification. The surfaces which are not boundary-parallel, and not isotopic to the once-punctured torus fibre, are proved to correspond to minimal \(\phi\)-invariant edge-paths in the Farey diagram or a closely related graph \(\overline{W}\). The possible incompressible surfaces and some of their topological properties are summarised in a useful table. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to decide whether any two such incompressible surfaces are isotopic.