Nonorientable, incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles over S^1

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Publication:2317548



Abstract: We classify incompressible, boundary-incompressible, nonorientable surfaces in punctured-torus bundles over S1. We use the ideas of Floyd, Hatcher, and Thurston. The main tool is to put our surface in the "Morse position" with respect to the projection of the bundle into the basis S^1.


Let \(M_\phi\) be the once-punctured torus bundle over \(S^1\) with monodromy map \(\phi\). The orientable incompressible, boundary-incompressible surfaces in \(M_\phi\) were classified by \textit{M. Culler} et al. [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 45, 385--419 (1982; Zbl 0515.57002)], and in the case where the monodromy map \(\phi\) is hyperbolic, by \textit{W. Floyd} and \textit{A. E. Hatcher} [Topology Appl. 13, 263--282 (1982; Zbl 0493.57004)]. In this present article, the latter result is extended to a classification of all nonorientable incompressible, boundary-incompressible surfaces properly embedded in \(M_\phi\) when \(\phi\) is hyperbolic. There are several distinct types of incompressible surfaces arising in this classification. The surfaces which are not boundary-parallel, and not isotopic to the once-punctured torus fibre, are proved to correspond to minimal \(\phi\)-invariant edge-paths in the Farey diagram or a closely related graph \(\overline{W}\). The possible incompressible surfaces and some of their topological properties are summarised in a useful table. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to decide whether any two such incompressible surfaces are isotopic.











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