Sequence Lorentz spaces and their geometric structure (Q2318019)

The authors study the geometric structure of Lorentz sequence spaces \(\gamma_{p,w}\). The properties under consideration (order continuity, Fatou property, strict monotonicity, strict convexity and extreme points) are fundamental in the theory of Banach lattices as well as in some important applications. The difficulties in studying geometric properties in these Lorentz spaces arise from the fact that in their definition the notions of nonincreasing rearrangement and the discrete Hardy (Cesàro) operator are combined. The geometry of Lorentz function spaces \(\Gamma _{p,w}\) has been studied for example in [\textit{M. Ciesielski}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 465, No. 1, 235--258 (2018; Zbl 1402.46010); \textit{M. Ciesielski} et al., Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 75, No. 5, 2713--2723 (2012; Zbl 1245.46022); Math. Nachr. 282, No. 9, 1242--1264 (2009; Zbl 1184.46031)] and in [\textit{A. Kamińska} and \textit{L. Maligranda}, Isr. J. Math. 140, 285--318 (2004; Zbl 1068.46019)]. First, the authors prove that, if a sequence \((x_{n})\) tends to \(x\) globally in measure, then \((x_{n}^{\ast })\) tends to \(x^{\ast }\) pointwise (Lemma 3.1). Next, natural characterizations of order continuity, strict monotonicity and strict convexity of \(\gamma _{p,w}\) are proved (Theorem 4.1, Theorem 4.4 and Theorem 4.6). Recall that it has been showed by H. Hudzik, A. Kamińska and M. Mastyło that monotonicity properties of Banach lattices \(X\) are restrictions of respective rotundity properties to the set of couples of comparable elements from the positive cone \(X_{+}\) (see [\textit{H. Hudzik} et al., Rocky Mt. J. Math. 30, No. 3, 933--950 (2000; Zbl 0979.46012)]). In Theorem 4.7, the authors present a criterion for a point \(x\) from the unit sphere of \(\gamma _{1,w}\) to be an extreme point of the unit ball of the space. It is worth mentioning that the studies of the properties for a separated point of the space are often more difficult and delicate than for global properties. Recall that any one-complemented subspace \(V\) of the Banach space \(X\) is a set of existence, that is, for each \(x\in X\), we have \(R_{V}\left( x\right) \neq \varnothing\), where \(R_{V}\left( x\right) =\left\{ y\in V:\left\Vert x-y\right\Vert =\inf_{v\in V}\left\Vert x-v\right\Vert \right\}\). The converse is not true in general, but if the Banach space \(X\) is smooth, then both notions are equivalent. The authors show that, if a non-trivial linear subspace of \(\gamma _{1,w}\) is an existence set, then it must be one-complemented (Theorem 5.2). Note also that \(\gamma _{1,w}\) is not a smooth space (see Theorem 5.5 for the description of smooth points of \(\gamma _{1,w}\)). Finally, the authors characterize the dual of \(\gamma _{1,w}\) (Theorem 5.3), the predual of \(\gamma _{1,w}\) (Theorem 5.4), the smooth points of the Marcinkiewicz sequence spaces (Theorem 5.6), the smooth points of the spaces \(\gamma _{1,w}^{\ast }\) (Theorem 5.7) and extreme points in the spaces \(\gamma _{1,w}^{\ast }\) (Theorem 5.8).