Singular integrals associated with Zygmund dilations (Q2318032)

In this paper, the authors introduced a class of singular integral operators associated with Zygmund dilations by providing suitable version of regularity conditions and cancellation conditions for convolution type kernels. They also provided a versions of cancellation conditions via normalized bump functions introduced by Stein. To be more precise, suppose that $\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)$ be a function defined on $\mathbb{R}^3$ away from the union $\{0,x_2,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,0,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,x_2,0\}$. For integers $\alpha,\beta$ and $\gamma$ taking only values 0 or 1, define \[ \Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)=\alpha\mathcal{K}(x_1+h_1,x_2,x_3)-\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3),\ \ \alpha=0\ or\ 1; \] \[\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)=\beta\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2+h_2,x_3)-\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3),\ \ \beta=0\ or\ 1; \] and \[\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)=\beta\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3+h_3)-\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3),\ \ \gamma=0\ or\ 1. \] The ``regularity'' conditions considered in this paper are characterized by \[ |\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)|\leq\frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}(|\frac{x_1x_2}{x_3}|+|\frac{x_3}{x_1x_2}|)^{\theta_2}}\tag{R} \] for all $0\leq\alpha\leq1$, $0\leq\beta+\gamma\leq1$ or $0\leq\alpha+\gamma\leq1$, $0\leq\beta\leq1$, and $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$, $|x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$, $h_1,h_2,h_3\in\mathbb{R}$ and for some $0<\theta_1\leq1$, $0<\theta_2\leq1$. The authors give three kinds of cancellation conditions. the first one is \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq C\tag{C1.a} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_2,\delta_3,r_1,r_2,r_3>0$; \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_2\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}}\tag{C1.b} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_2,r_1,r_2>0$, $|x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$ and $0\leq\gamma\leq1$; \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}}\tag{C1.c} \] uniformly for all $\delta_2,\delta_3,r_2,r_3>0$, $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$ and $0\leq\alpha\leq1$; \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_3dx_1\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}}{|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}}\tag{C1.d} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_3,r_1,r_1>0$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$ and $0\leq\beta\leq1$. The second kind of the cancellation conditions is somewhat stronger: \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq C\tag{C2.a} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_2,\delta_3,r_1,r_2,r_3>0$; \[ \begin{multlined} \Big|\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1\Big|\\ \leq\frac{C|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}} \Big(\frac{1}{(|\frac{r_1x_2}{x_3}|+|\frac{x_3}{r_1x_2}|)^{\theta_2}}+\frac{1}{(|\frac{\delta_1x_2}{x_3}|+|\frac{x_3}{\delta_1x_2}|)^{\theta_2}}\Big) \end{multlined}\tag{C2.b} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,r_1>0$, $0\leq\beta+\gamma\leq1$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$, $ |x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$; \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}}\tag{C2.c} \] uniformly for all $\delta_2,\delta_3,r_2,r_3$, $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$ and $0\leq\alpha\leq1$; Or \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq C\tag{C2'.a} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_2,\delta_3,r_1,r_2,r_3>0$; \[ \begin{multlined} \Big|\int_{\delta_2\leq|x_2|\leq r_2}\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_2\Big|\\ \leq\frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}} \Big(\frac{1}{(|\frac{r_2x_1}{x_3}|+|\frac{x_3}{r_2x_1}|)^{\theta_2}}+\frac{1}{(|\frac{\delta_2x_1}{x_3}|+|\frac{x_3}{\delta_2x_1}|)^{\theta_2}}\Big)\end{multlined}\tag{C2'.b} \] uniformly for all $\delta_2,r_2>0$, $0\leq\alpha+\gamma\leq1$, $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$, $ |x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$; \[ \Big|\int_{\delta_3\leq|x_3|\leq r_3}\int_{\delta_1\leq|x_1|\leq r_1}\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_3\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}}{|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}}\tag{C2'.c} \] uniformly for all $\delta_1,\delta_3,r_1,r_3$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$ and $0\leq\beta\leq1$. The third kind of the cancellation conditions considered in this paper is characterized by \[ \Big|\int\int\int\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(R_1x_1,R_2x_2,R_1R_2x_3)dx_1dx_3\Big|\leq C\tag{C3.a} \] for every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and all $R_1,R_2>0$; \[ \Big|\int\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(Rx_1)dx_1\Big|\leq \frac{C|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}(|\frac{Rx_3}{x_2}|+|\frac{x_2}{Rx_3}|)^{\theta_2}}\tag{C3.b} \] for all $ 0\leq\beta+\gamma\leq1$, every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$, $|x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$ and all $R>0$; \[ \Big|\int\int\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(R_1x_2,R_2x_3)dx_2dx_3\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}}\tag{C3.c} \] for all $ 0\leq\alpha+\gamma\leq1$, every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$, $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$, all $R_1,R_2>0$. Or \[ \Big|\int\int\int\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(R_1x_1,R_2x_2,R_1R_2x_3)dx_1dx_3\Big|\leq C\tag{C3'.a} \] for every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and all $R_1,R_2>0$; \[ \Big|\int\Delta^\alpha_{x_1,h_1}\Delta^\gamma_{x_3,h_3}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(Rx_2)dx_2\Big|\leq \frac{C|h_1|^{\alpha\theta_1}|h_3|^{\gamma\theta_1}}{|x_1|^{\alpha\theta_1+1}|x_3|^{\gamma\theta_1+1}(|\frac{Rx_3}{x_1}|+|\frac{x_1}{Rx_3}|)^{\theta_2}}\tag{C3'.b} \] for all $ 0\leq\alpha\leq1$, every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}$, $|x_1|\geq2|h_1|>0$, $|x_3|\geq2|h_3|>0$ and all $R>0$; \[ \Big|\int\int\Delta^\beta_{x_2,h_2}\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)\phi(R_1x_1,R_2x_3)dx_1dx_3\Big|\leq\frac{C|h_2|^{\beta\theta_1}}{|x_2|^{\beta\theta_1+1}}\tag{C3'.c} \] for all $ 0\leq\beta\leq1$, every $n,b,f,\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$, $|x_2|\geq2|h_2|>0$, all $R_1,R_2>0$. The authors proved: Theorem 1. Suppose that $\mathcal{K}$ is a function defined on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and satisfies the conditions (R) and (C1.a)--(C1.d). Set $\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon(x_1,x_2,x_3)=\mathcal{K}(x_1,x_2,x_3)$ if $\epsilon_1\leq |x_1|\leq N_1, \epsilon_2\leq|x_2|\leq N_2$ and $\epsilon_3\leq|x_3|\leq N_3$ and $\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon(x_1, x_2, x_3)=0$ otherwise, where $\epsilon=(\epsilon_1,\epsilon_2,\epsilon_3)$ and $N=(N_1,N_2,N_3)$ for all $0<\epsilon_1\leq N_1<\infty$, $\epsilon_2\leq N_2<\infty$, and $\epsilon_3\leq N_3<\infty$. Then, the operator $\mathcal{K}\ast f$ is bounded on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)$ and moreover, $$\|\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon\ast f|\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)}\leq A\|f\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)}$$ where the constant $A$ depends only on the constant $C$ but not on $\epsilon_1,\epsilon_2,\epsilon_3,N_1,N_2$ and $N_3$. From Theorem 1, the authors gave the $L^2$ boundedness of the operator $\mathcal{K}\ast f$ and then they got the $L^p, p\neq2$, boundedness of the operator $\mathcal{K}\ast f$. Theorem 2. Suppose that $\mathcal{K}$ is a function defined on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and satisfies the conditions (R) and (C2.a)--(C2.c) (or (R) and (C2'.a)--(C2'.c)) and in addition the three integrals \[ \int_{|x_3|\leq1}\int_{|x_2|\leq1}\int_{|x_1|\leq1}\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_2dx_3, \] \[ \int_{|x_3|\leq1}\int_{|x_2|\leq1}\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_2dx_3,\ \int_{|x_3|\leq1}\int_{|x_1|\leq1}\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon(x_1,x_2,x_3)dx_1dx_3, \] converge almost everywhere as $\epsilon_1,\epsilon_2,\epsilon_3\rightarrow0$ and $N_1, N_2, N_3\rightarrow\infty$. Then the operator \[ \mathcal{K}\ast f:=\lim_{\substack{\epsilon_1,\epsilon_2,\epsilon_3\rightarrow0\\ N_1, N_2, N_3\rightarrow\infty}}\mathcal{K}^N_\epsilon\ast f \] defined initially on $L^2\cap L^p, 1<p<\infty$ , extends to a bounded operator on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^3)$ and moreover, \[ \|\mathcal{K}\ast f|\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^3)}\leq A\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^3)}, \] with the constant $A$ depending only on the constant $C$. Theorem 3. (a) Suppose that $\mathcal{K}$ is a distribution that equals a function on $R^3$ away from the union $\{0,x_2,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,0,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,x_2,0\}$ and satisfies conditions (R) and (C3.a)--(C3.c) (or (R), (C3'.a)--(C3'.c)). Then, the operator $\mathcal{K}\ast f$ is bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^3),1< p<\infty$. (b) Suppose that $\mathcal{K}$ is a distribution that equals a function on $R^3$ away from the union $\{0,x_2,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,0,x_3\}\cup\{x_1,x_2,0\}$ and satisfies conditions (R) and (C2.a)--(C2.c) (or (R), (C2'.a)--(C2'.c)). Then, the operator $\mathcal{K}\ast f$ is bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^3),1< p<\infty$.