Weak topologies for Carathéodory differential equations: continuous dependence, exponential dichotomy and attractors (Q2318471)

Denote by \(\mathfrak{K} (\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)\) the space of Carathéodory functions. In the paper it is introduced a weak topology on the space \(\mathfrak{K} (\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)\). The authors study the equation \[ x'=f(t,x)\ \ (f\in \mathfrak{K} (\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)),\tag{1} \] where the function \(f\) satisfies some regularity condition. They show that equation (1) generates a cocycle \(\varphi\) over the shift dynamical system \((H(f),\mathbb{R},\sigma)\), where \(H(f)\) is the closure in the weak topology (in the space \(\mathfrak{K} (\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)\)) of the family of all shifts of \(f\) with respect to time. This construction permits the authors to apply the ideas and methods of dynamical systems to the study of large class of equations (1). Using this approach the authors present two concrete applications: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] the structure of the dichotomy or the Sacker-Sell spectrum. \item[2.] pullback attractors \end{itemize} of equation (1) with Carathéodory's second hand side \(f\). Conditions for the existence of a pullback/global attractor for the skew-product semiflow, as well as application examples are also given.