On the failure of canonical factorization in \(\ell_A^p\) (Q2320171)

For \(1<p<\infty\), let \(\ell^p_A\) denote the space of analytic functions on the open unit disc \(\mathbb D\) whose Taylor coefficients lie in the sequence space \(\ell^p\). In the paper the authors explore a canonical factorization analogous to that in the classical Hardy spaces \(H^p\). Let \(\perp_p\) stand for the Birkhoff-James orthogonality, and let \(S\) denote the shift operation on \(\ell^p_A\). As in [the first author and \textit{W. T. Ross}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 437, No. 1, 396--418 (2016; Zbl 1336.47072)], a function \(J\in \ell^p_A\) is said to be \(p\)-inner if it is not identically zero and \[ J\perp_p S^nJ,\quad \forall n\ge 1. \] In analogy with \(H^p\) it is natural to ask whether every nontrivial function \(f\in\ell^p_A\) has a factorization \(f=Jg\), where \(J\) is \(p\)-inner and \(g\) is analytic and nonvanishing in \(\mathbb D\). In the paper the authors show by construction that for some values of \(p\), there exists a polynomial \(f\in \ell^p_A\) for which such a factorization fails. In this situation, any \(p\)-inner function \(f\) in \(\mathbb D\), with multiplicities taken into account, must also vanish at other points of \(\mathbb D\). The authors establish rigorously that an extra zero exists when \(p=4/3\), and numerical studies were able to show that extra zeros exist for \(p\) in the range \(1.025<p<1.8\).