Finiteness of polarized \(K3\) surfaces and hyperkähler manifolds (Q2323050)

This paper investigates finiteness questions for compact hyperkähler manifolds: finiteness of polarizations of fixed degree up to the action of the automorphism group, the finiteness of polarized hyperkähler manifolds isomorphic as Riemannian manifolds, the finiteness of isomorphic fibres in the twistor family. Let \(M_d\) be the moduli space of polarized hyperkähler manifolds of degree \(d\), let \((X_0,L_0)\in M_d\) and let \(M_d(X_0):=\{(X,L)\in M_d | X\simeq X_0\}\subseteq M_d\) be the set of polarized compact hyperkähler manifolds of degree \(d\) isomorphic to \(X_0\). The finiteness of \(M_d(X_0)\), which can be seen as a consequence of the Kawamata-Morrison conjecture, is proven in three alternative ways. A first proof makes use of the global Torelli theorem. A second one reduces the problem (when \(X_0\) is a \(K3\) surface), via the Kuga-Satake construction, to the analogue for abelian varieties. The third argument is independent of any version of the global Torelli theorem: the main ingredient is a result of Borel that ensures the algebraicity of certain holomorphic maps with target a quotient of a period domain. Moreover it is shown that the cardinality of the sets \(M_d(X)\) is unbounded when \(X\) varies, therefore they cannot be realised as fibres of an algebraic morphism. Nevertheless a description of \(M_d(X_0)\) as images of fibres of a quasifinite morphism can be recovered for \(K3\) surfaces in a slightly modified setting. The second problem investigated is the finiteness of metrics. Let \(X\) be a compact hyperkähler manifold, \(L\) an ample line bundle on it and \(g_L\) the associated metric. For \((X_0,L_0)\in M_d\) the set \(M_d(X_0,g_{L_0})\subseteq M_d\) of polarized hyperkähler manifolds whose associated Riemannian manifold \((X, g_L)\) is isomorphic to \((X_0, g_{L_0})\) is shown to be finite. Finally, similar finiteness questions for the twistor family are discussed. Given a compact complex hyperkähler manifold \(X\) and a Kähler class \(\omega\in H^{1,1}(X)\), the twistor family \(\pi: \mathcal{X}\to\mathbb{P}^1\) paramatrizes the complex structures on \(X\) that are compatible with the hyperkähler metric induced by \(\omega\). For every \(t\in \mathbb{P}^1\) the fiber \(\mathcal{X}_t\) comes with a Kähler class \(\omega_t\in H^{1,1}(\mathcal{X}_t)\). It is shown that only finitely many fibers of \(\pi\) are isomorphic as Kähler manifolds to \((X,\omega)\), i.e. the set \(\{t\in \mathbb{P}^1| (\mathcal{X}_t,\omega_t)\simeq (X,\omega)\}\) is finite. Moreover, if \(X\) is a \(K3\), it is shown that only finitely many fibres of \(\pi\) are biholomorphic to \(X\), i.e. the set \(\{t\in\mathbb{P}^1|\mathcal{X}_t\simeq X\}\) is finite.