Comparison of stable homotopy categories and a generalized Suslin-Voevodsky theorem (Q2324579)

In this paper, the author studies the problem of embedding the classical stable homotopy category into motivic stable homotopy category (in a fully faithful way via the constant presheaf functor), at least over an algebraically closed field and after inverting its exponential characteristic \(p\) (Theorem 6.1): \[ \mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt}[1/p]\to\mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt}(k)[1/p], \] by constructing a \emph{stable étale realization functor} \[ \underline{Ét}_{\ell}: \mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt}(k)\to\mathrm{Pro}(\mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt})^{H\mathbb{Z}/\ell}, \] where \(\mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt}\) is the stable \(\infty\)-category of classical \(S^1\)-spectra, \(\mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt}(k)\) is the stable \(\infty\)-category of motivic \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-spectra over a field \(k\), and \(\mathrm{Pro}(\mathscr{S}\mathrm{pt})^{H\mathbb{Z}/\ell}\) is the stable \(\infty\)-category of \((H\mathbb{Z}/\ell)^*\)-local pro-spectra. Unlike earlier work of [\textit{M. Levine}, J. Topol. 7, No. 2, 327--362 (2013; Zbl 1333.14021)] solves this problem in \(p=1\) case by comparing the slice spectral sequence to the \textit{Betti realization} of the slice spectral sequence, the author of this paper achieves this for a general \(p\) by constructing unstable and stable \textit{étale realization functors} of motivic spaces and motivic \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-spectra. This construction, new to my knowledge, uses the modern \(\ell\)-adic homotopy theory and shape theory in the context of \(\infty\)-category theory and higher topos theory (these tools are developed by [\textit{J. Lurie}, Higher topos theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2009; Zbl 1175.18001)] in the \(\infty\)-categorical setting and used for instance by [\textit{M. Hoyois}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222, No. 7, 1859--1877 (2018; Zbl 1403.18003)]); it assigns pro-spaces and pro-spectra to motivic spaces and motivic \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-spectra. This can be seen as a further development of étale homotopy theory, originally defined and studied by Artin and Mazur. Of course, some key steps are still done by comparing sequences (see e.g. proof of Lemma 6.11), as in Levine's work. As a byproduct, the author gives a generalized Suslin-Voevodsky (Theorem 7.1), which is a homotopy-theoretic version of a result of Suslin-Voevodsky comparing (motivic) singular/Suslin cohomology with the étale cohomology of a separated finite type \(k\)-scheme with coefficients in \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) with \(p\nmid n\). The technique used in this paper seems to be very useful, and has the potential of answering the same embedding problem with weaker assumption, e.g. by dropping the assumption of \(k\) being algebraically closed (taking into account the Galois actions), or elimination the inversion of \(p\).