A generalization of the Voronin theorem (Q2332659)

The classical universality theorem of \textit{S. M. Voronin} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 39, 475--486 (1975; Zbl 0315.10037)] asserts that a wide class of analytic functions can be approximated by shifts of the Riemann zeta-function \( \zeta(\sigma+i\tau), \tau\in\mathbb{R} \). In the paper under review, the authors generalise this approximation for shifts of the form \( \zeta(\sigma+i\varphi(\tau)) \), where \( \varphi(\tau) \) is a real function with monotonic positive derivatives satisfying \( 1/\varphi'(\tau)=o(\tau) \) and \( \varphi(2\tau) \max_{\tau\leqslant t\leqslant 2\tau} 1/\varphi'(\tau) \ll \tau\) as \( \tau\to\infty. \) The first result in this direction of generalisation belongs to \textit{Ł. Pańkowski} [Ramanujan J. 45, No. 1, 181--195 (2018; Zbl 1440.11165)], who proved such a result with \( \varphi(\tau)=\tau^\alpha \log^\beta\tau \) with \( \beta \) any real number in case \( \alpha \) is not a positive integer, in which case (or if \( \alpha=0 \)) \( \beta\in(-\infty,0]\cup(1,\infty). \) The main theorem they prove is the following: Theorem: Let \( K \) be a compact subset of the strip \( \lbrace s\in\mathbb{C}: 1/2<\sigma<1 \) with connected complement and \( f \) be a continuous nonvanishing function on \( K \) which is analytic in the interior of \( K \). Let \( \phi(\tau) \) be as above for \( \tau\geqslant T_0>0. \) Then, for every \( \varepsilon>0 \), \[ \liminf_{T\to\infty}\frac{1}{T-T_0}\mathrm{meas}\lbrace \tau\in[T_0,T]:\sup_{s\in K} \left|\zeta(s+i\varphi(\tau))-f(s)\right|<\varepsilon \rbrace >0. \] Here \( \mathrm{meas} \) denotes the Lebesgue measure on the real line. (The classical theorem of Voronin can of course be stated in the above form with \( T_0 \) replaced by \( 0 \) and \( \phi(\tau) \) by \( \tau \), as remarked in the introduction.)