On the multiplicity of isolated roots of sparse polynomial systems (Q2334502)

The paper presents formulae for the multiplicity of all the affine isolated zeros of a isolated polynomial system of \(n\) equations in \(n\) unknowns. Let \(\mathbf{f}=(f_1,\cdots,f_n)\) be a sparse polynomial system in \(n\) unknowns with prescribed support \(\mathcal{A}=(A_1,\ldots,A_n)\subset(\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^n)^n\). Recall that the multiplicity of \(\zeta \in V(\mathbf{f})\) is the dimension of the ring obtained by localizing \(\mathbb{C}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]\) at the maximal ideal M corresponding to \(\zeta\) and taking the quotient, \(\mathrm{mult}_\zeta(f) =\dim \mathbb{C}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]_M/\mathcal{I} \mathbb{C}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]_M\) , \(\mathcal{I} =\)<\( f_1,\ldots,f_n>\). Having said this, the authors first study the multiplicity of the origin under the assumptions on the supports, (H1) \(0 \notin A_j \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^n\) for every \(1\leq j \leq n\); (H2) for all \(I \subset \{1,\ldots,n\}\), if \(J_I := \{j\in \{1,\ldots,n\} \, | \,\exists a \in A_j : a_i = 0\, \forall \, i \in I\}\), then \(\#I+\#J_I\) \(\geq n\). They provide formulae in terms of mixed volumes (Proposition 3.15), and via mixed integral of convex functions associated to the supports of the polynomials involved (Corollary 3.13). These formulae can be seen as a generalization of those in [\textit{K. Kaveh} and \textit{A. Khovanskii}, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 286, 268--284 (2014; Zbl 1315.13013)]. Secondly, using the formulae for the origin, Theorem 4.1. presents the multiplicity of an isolated zero of \(\mathbf{f}\), also under certain conditions, as the multiplicity of the origin as a common zero of a generic system with an associated family of supports. Finally, the multiplicity in terms of mixed integrals of convex functions is given in Theorem 4.5.