Fourier-Mukai transforms of slope stable torsion-free sheaves on a product elliptic threefold (Q2335492)

Given a Fourier-Mukai transform \(\Phi: D^b(X) \xrightarrow{\sim} D^b(Y)\) between the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on two smooth projective varieties \(X\) and \(Y\), the author asks a natural question: \textit{What is a notion of stability on \(Y\) for the Mumford slope stability on \(X\) under the Fourier-Mukai transform \(\Phi\), without fixing Chern classes of sheaves on \(X\)? } In this article, the author answers above question in the set-up that \(X\) is a product elliptic threefold \(\pi: X=C\times S \to S\), where \(C\) is an elliptic curve, \(S\) is a \(K3\) surface of Picard rank one with ample generator \(H_S\), and \(\pi\) is the natural projection map, see also [\textit{J. Lo} and \textit{Z. Zhang}, Geom. Dedicata 193, 89--119 (2018: Zbl 1454.14029)]. In this case, the Picard rank of \(X\) is two, with generators \(H\) (which is the zero section of \(\pi\)) and \(D\) (which is the vertical divisor \(\pi^*H_S\)). The fiberwise Fourier-Mukai transform \(D^b(C) \xrightarrow{\sim} D^b(C)\) induces a Fourier-Mukai transform \(\Phi\) above with \(Y=X\). Moreover, \(\Phi\circ\Phi=\mathrm{id}_X[-1]\). There is a notion of tilt stability \((\mathcal{B}_\omega, \nu_\omega)\) [\textit{A. Bayer} et al., J. Algebr. Geom. 23, No. 1, 117--163 (2014: Zbl 1306.14005)], where \(\omega\) is a fixed ample divisor, \(\mathcal{B}_\omega\) is the tilting of coherent heart \(\mathrm{Coh}(X)\) according to Mumford slope \(\mu_\omega(\cdot):=\omega^2\mathrm{ch}_1(\cdot)/\mathrm{ch}_0(\cdot)\) with respect to the value \(0\), and \[\nu_\omega(\cdot):=\frac{\omega\mathrm{ch}_2(\cdot)-\omega^3\mathrm{ch}_0(\cdot)/6}{\omega^2\mathrm{ch}_1(\cdot)}\] is the slope function on \(\mathcal{B}_\omega\). For any fixed positive number \(\alpha\), the author defines a limit \((\mathcal{B}^l,\nu^l)\) of tilt stability \((\mathcal{B}_\omega, \nu_\omega)\) by taking \[\omega=tH+sD,\] with the constraint curve \[ ts=\alpha, \] and \(s\to +\infty\). More precisely, it is a polynomial stability condition in the sense of \textit{A. Bayer} [Geom. Topol. 13, No. 4, 2389--2425 (2009: Zbl 1171.14011)]. The main result Theorem 5.1 is a comparison of the notion of Mumford slope stability \(\mu_{\bar{\omega}}\) and the limit tilt stability \(\nu^l\) before and after the Fourier-Mukai transform \(\Phi[1]\). Here \[\bar{\omega}=\frac{\lambda}{\alpha}H+\lambda D,\] with fixed positive numbers \(\alpha\) and \(\lambda\). In particular, the value of the number \(\lambda\) is not essential for the notion of \(\mu_{\bar{\omega}}\). Actually, the constraint curve \(ts=\alpha\) is obtained by comparing \(\mu_{\bar{\omega}}(E)\) and \(\nu_{\omega}(\Phi(E)[1])\) via cohomological Fourier-Mukai transform. Fix any positive number \(\alpha\). The first part of Theorem 5.1 states that if \(E\) is a \(\mu_{\bar{\omega}}\)-stable sheaf with a codimension 2 vanishing condition, then \(\Phi(E)[1]\) is a \(\nu^l\)-stable object in \(\mathcal{B}^l\). The second part of the theorem says that if \(F\in \mathcal{B}^l\) is a \(\nu^l\)-semistable object with \(\mathrm{ch}_{10}(F)\neq 0\), then there is a codimension 2 modification \(F'\) of \(F\) in \(\mathcal{B}^l\) such that \(\Phi(F')\) is \(\mu_{\bar{\omega}}\)-semistable sheaf. In section 6, the author shows that the Harder-Narasimhan property holds for the limit tilt stability condition. The proof is a modification of an approach of \textit{Y. Toda} [Adv. Math. 217, No. 6, 2736--2781 (2008: Zbl 1136.14007)], that there is a torsion quadruple \[(\mathcal{A}_\bullet, \mathcal{A}_{1/2}, \mathcal{A}_{0}, \mathcal{A}_{-1/2}) \] in the heart \(\mathcal{B}^l\), and in each \( \mathcal{A}_{i}\), \(i=1/2, 0, -1/2\), there are finiteness properties. In the last section of the article, the author compares tilt stability and limit tilt stability and gives an example that the structure sheaf \(\mathcal{O}_X\) is limit tilt stable. In a subsequent paper [\textit{J. Lo}, ``Fourier-Mukai transforms of slope stable torsion-free sheaves and stable 1-dimensional sheaves on Weierstrass elliptic threefolds'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1710.03771}], the author generalizes the main result of this paper to the case that \(X\) is an Weierstrass elliptic threefold. A similar result for elliptic surface case also holds [\textit{W. Liu} et al., ``Fourier-Mukai transforms and stable sheaves on Weierstrass elliptic surfaces'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1910.02477}], where the notion of limit tilt stability is replaced by the notion of limit Bridgeland stability.