Perverse coherent sheaves and Fourier-Mukai transforms on surfaces. I. (Q2376820)

Let \((X,H)\) be a smooth \(K3\) surface \(X\) together with a nef divisor describing a birational contraction \(\pi: X \to Y\). Suppose that \(\pi\) resolves rational double points on \(Y\). By results of \textit{T. Bridgeland} [Invent. Math. 147, No. 3, 613--632 (2002; Zbl 1085.14017)] and \textit{M. Van den Bergh} [Duke Math. J. 122, No. 3, 423--455 (2004; Zbl 1074.14013)], one can consider from this data a natural perverse structure \(\mathrm{Per}(X/Y)\) on \(D^b(X)\), which is Morita-equivalent to the category of coherent modules \({\mathrm{Coh}}_A(Y)\) over a noncommutative \({\mathcal O}_Y\)-algebra \(A\). In particular \(D^b(X)\) is equivalent to \(D^b_A(Y)\). Consider a Mukai vector \(v\) on \(X\) such that the moduli space \(Y':=M_H(v)\) has at most double point singularities. Then one can consider a vector \(w\) giving the minimal resolution \(X':=M_H(w)\), that is \(\pi': X' \to Y'\) is a birational contraction given by a nef divisor \(H'\). Then \(X \to Y\) and \(X' \to Y'\) are (twisted) Fourier-Mukai partner, and is hence natural to consider the equivalences induced by the perverse structures on both sides. In this paper, the author considers semistable perverse sheaves on \(X\) (to be interpreted as semistable \(A\)-sheaves on \(Y\)) and carries on a detailed analysis of the correspondences given by the Fourier-Mukai duality in this situation. A particular attention is given to the case of elliptic surfaces.