Nonlinear vector Duffing inclusions with no growth restriction on the orientor field (Q2336090)

The system under consideration is the following: \[ \begin{aligned} -&a(u^\prime(t))^\prime-r(t)|u^\prime(t)|^{p-2}u^\prime(t)\in F(t,u(t))\quad \text{for a.a. } t\in T=[0,b], \\ &u(0) = u(b) = 0, \qquad 1<p<+\infty . \end{aligned} \] In [\textit{N. S. Papageorgiou} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 468, No. 1, 376--390 (2018; Zbl 1467.34019)] the authors assumed a sublinear growth condition for \(F(t,\cdot )\) -- in this article they replace this assumption with a ``Hartman-type condition'' on \(F\), specifically, there exists \(M>0\) such that \(\left( y,x\right) _{\mathrm{QTR}\mathbb{R}^{N}}<0\) for almost all \(t\), all \(\left\vert x\right\vert \geq M\) and all \(y\in F(t,x)\). Fixed point theory was the main tool in the earlier article - here the theory of monotone nonlinear operators is applied. \ It is assumed throughout that \(a\) is a monotone homeomorphism, \(r\) is nonnegative-valued and belongs to \(L^{\infty }\), \(F\) is closed-valued and satisfies a boundedness condition in \(t\), and \(1<p<\infty \). (Additional assumptions are made as needed for each theorem.) The authors prove existence of solutions in the case that \(F\) is convex-valued, existence in the case that \(F\) might not be convex-valued, and a result on existence of extremal solutions. A strong relaxation theorem is also proven. \ An example from control theory is given as an application of this theorem. The proofs use a number of results which can be found in the monograph [\textit{S. Hu} and \textit{N. S. Papageorgiou}, Handbook of multivalued analysis. Volume I: Theory. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997; Zbl 0887.47001)].