A Rolle type theorem for cyclicity of zeros of families of analytic functions (Q2339604)

The paper deals with a family \(\mathcal{F}=\{f_{\lambda},\,\lambda \in V \}\) of holomorphic functions in the open unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\subset\mathbb{C}\), depending holomorphically on a parameter \(\lambda\), where \(V\subset\mathbb{C}^n\) is a domain. The author studies the generalized multiplicity (called cyclicity) of zeros of \(\mathcal{F}\). Definition. The family \(\mathcal{F}\) has cyclicity \(k \geq 0\) in a compact set \(K\subset V\) if (a) There exist \(\varepsilon_0 >0\) and \(\delta_0 >0\) such that every function \(f_{\lambda}, \;f_{\lambda } \not \equiv 0\) has at most \(k\) zeros in \(\mathbb {D}_{\delta_0}=\{z: \;\;|z| <\delta_0 \}\) (counting multiplicities) for every \(\lambda\) from the \(\varepsilon_0\)-neighborhood of \(K\). (b) For arbitrary positive numbers \(\varepsilon <\varepsilon_0\) and \(\delta <\delta_0\) there exists a parameter \(\lambda\) from the \(\varepsilon\)-neighborhood of \(K\) such that \(f_{\lambda}\) has exactly \(k\) zeros in \(\mathbb{D}_{\delta}\). For given families \(\mathcal{F}_j= \{f_{\lambda; j} \}\), \(1 \leq j \leq k\), of univariate holomorphic functions at \(0\in \mathbb{D}\) the author considers the familiy of their sums \[ \mathcal{F}=\sum_{j=1}^{k}\mathcal{F}_j:=\bigg \{\sum_{j=1}^{k}f_{\lambda; j} , \, \lambda \in V\bigg \} , \] and the family \[ W(\mathcal{F}_{i_1}, \dots, \mathcal{F}_{i_l}):=\big\{W(f_{\lambda; i_1},\dots, f_{\lambda;i_l}),\quad \lambda \in V, \quad 1\leq i_1 <\ldots < i_l \leq k \big\} \] of their Wronskian determinants \(W(f_{\lambda; i_1},\ldots, f_{\lambda; i_l}):=\det \big( f_{\lambda; i_s}^{(p)} \big)_{ 1\leq s \leq l, \;,0\leq p \leq l-1}\). The main result of this paper is the following Rolle-type theorem. Theorem. For every distinct subset \(I=\{ i_1,\ldots, i_l \}\) of \( \{ 1,\ldots, k \}\) and every compact subset \(K\subset V\) the following is true: \[ c(\mathcal{F};K)\;\leq \;\max_{I} \{ c \left ( W(\mathcal{F}_{i_1}, \dots, \mathcal{F}_{i_l});\;K\right)+|I|-1\}, \] where \(|I|\) is the cardinality of \(I\). As a corollary, the author estimates the cyclicity of the family of entire functions of the form \(\sum_{k=1}^{m} P_k(z)e^{Q_k(z)}\), \(z \in \mathbb{C}\), where \(P_k\) and \(Q_k\) are polynomials of fixed degrees, parameterized by vectors of coefficients of \(P_k\) and \(Q_k\).