Shearing process and an example of a bounded support function in \(S^0(\mathbb B^2)\) (Q2339698)

In this interesting and well-written paper, the author is concerned with support points for the family \(S^0({\mathbb B}^n)\) of normalized univalent mappings which have a parametric representation, where \({\mathbb B}^n\) is the Euclidean unit ball in \({\mathbb C}^n\). It is known that a holomorphic mapping \(f\) of \({\mathbb B}^n\) into \({\mathbb C}^n\) has a parametric representation if and only if there is a normal Loewner chain \((f_t)\) such that \(f_0=f\). Also, the family \(S^0({\mathbb B}^n)\) is compact. In the case \(n=1\), the family \(S^0({\mathbb D})\) coincides with the usual family \(S({\mathbb D})\) of normalized univalent functions on the unit disc \({\mathbb D}\). Let \(\mathrm{Hol}_D({\mathbb B}^2,{\mathbb C}^2)\) be the family of all holomorphic mappings \(h: {\mathbb B}^2\to {\mathbb C}^2\) such that \(h(0)=0\) and \(dh_0\) is diagonal and invertible. The author introduces the notion of shearing in Definition 1.3 as follows: Let \(h\in \mathrm{Hol}_D({\mathbb B}^2,{\mathbb C}^2)\) and write the Taylor expansion at \(0\) as \[ h(z)=\Big(\lambda z_1+Az_2^2+O\big(|z_1|^2,|z_1z_2|,\|z\|^3\big)\,,\,\mu z_2+O\big(\|z\|^2\big)\Big). \] Then the shearing \(h^{[c]}\) of \(h\) is defined by \[ h^{[c]}(z_1,z_2)=\big(\lambda z_1+Az_2^2\,,\,\mu z_2\big)\quad \forall\, (z_1,z_2)\in {\mathbb B}^2. \] One of the main results of this paper is given in Theorem 1.4, where the author proves that if \((f_t)\) is a normal Loewner chain on \({\mathbb B}^2\), then the shearing \((f_t^{[c]})\) is also a normal Loewner chain on \({\mathbb B}^2\). In particular, if \(f\in S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\), then \(f^{[c]}\in S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\). This is a deep result in the Loewner theory in higher dimensions. The author uses Theorem 1.4 to obtain Theorem 1.2, in which he proves the following sharp coefficient bound for mappings in \(S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\): if \(f=(f_1,f_2)\in S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\), where \[ f(z_1,z_2)=\bigg(z_1+\sum_{\alpha\in {\mathbb N}^2,|\alpha|\geq 2}a_{\alpha}^1z^{\alpha}, z_2+\sum_{\alpha\in {\mathbb N}^2,|\alpha|\geq 2}a_{\alpha}^2z^{\alpha}\bigg), \] then \(|a_{0,2}^1|\leq \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\). This estimate is sharp. Let \(L_{0,2}^1: \mathrm{Hol}({\mathbb B}^2,{\mathbb C}^2)\to {\mathbb C}\) be given by \(L_{0,2}^1(f)=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial^2 f_1}{\partial z_2^2}(0)\), for all \(f=(f_1,f_2)\in \mathrm{Hol}({\mathbb B}^2,{\mathbb C}^2)\). Using the above sharp estimate given in Theorem 1.2, the author proves in Theorem 1.1 that the mapping \(\Phi\in S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\) given by \[ \Phi(z_1,z_2)=\Big(z_1+\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}z_2^2,z_2\Big)\quad \forall\,(z_1,z_2)\in {\mathbb B}^2 \] is star-like and maximizes the functional \(\Re L_{0,2}^1\). In view of Theorem 1.1, the author deduces that the mapping \(\Phi\) is a bounded support function for the family \(S^0({\mathbb B}^2)\). This is an important result in geometric function theory in higher dimensions, since it shows a basic difference between the theory of univalent functions on the unit disc and that in higher dimensions. Indeed, in the case of one complex variable it is well known that any support point for the family \(S\) is an unbounded function.