Stratified obstruction systems for equivariant moduli problems and invariant Euler cycles (Q2340079)

Let \(B\) be an \(n\)-dimensional closed manifold equipped with a smooth effective action of a connected compact Lie group \(G\). Let \(E \to B\) be an oriented smooth \(G\)-equivariant vector bundle of \(\text{rank} \;k\) over \(B\) and \(S : B \to E\) a smooth \(G\)-equivariant section. Then from the introduction to this paper we have an understanding of the equivariant moduli problem mentioned in the title, stated as questions: (1) Can we define a new version of transversality such that it can be satisfied by an equivariant perturbation for \(S\)? (2) How do we construct the invariant Euler cycle of \(E\)? The main theorem in this paper states that if \(\text{coind}(B, E) >1\), then there exists a smooth equivariant perturbation \(P : B \to E\) such that \(\hat{S}=S+P\) is in general position with respect to the zero section and then the zero locus \(\hat{S}^{-1}(0) \subset B\) yields a \(G\)-invariant \((n-k)\)-geometric cycle that represents a homology class in \(H_{n-k}(B; \mathbb{Z})\). In the equivariant case the usual technique of perturbation for the section is ineffective and in fact in general there is no equivariant perturbed section that is transversal to the zero section. In order to overcome the difficulty caused by this fact the author introduces the notion of a stratified obstruction system. Denote by \(\mathcal{E}_H \to B_{(H)}\) the subbundle of \(E|_{B(H)}\) formed from its transition functions where \((H)\) denotes the isotropy class of \(H \subset G\). Then we have a decomposition \(E_{B(H)}=\mathcal{E}_H\oplus \mathcal{O}_H\) where \(\mathcal{O}_H\) is the quotient bundle of \(\mathcal{E}_H\) which is called the obstruction bundle. By the system mentioned above we mean a family of \(\mathcal{O}_H\)s. The proof of the main theorem here can be done using these bundles through the following process: We first construct the perturbation by reducing the problem to the local situation and get the global one after that by gluing the local perturbation obtained therein. For example, if we assume that in the above theorem \(\hat{S}\) is obtained, then \(\hat{S}_H :B_{(H)} \to \mathcal{E}_H\) becomes transversal to the zero section of \(\mathcal{E}_H\), so that \(\hat{S}^{-1}(0)\) becomes a \(G\)-invariant submanifold of dimension \(r_H=\text{dim} \, B_{(H)}-\text{rank} \, \mathcal{E}_H\). Particularly in the final section there is given a formula of the intersection number of two \(S^1\)-moduli problems.