Formal geometry for noncommutative manifolds (Q2343518)

The article considers noncommutative schemes due to Kapranov, by considering the topological space as the spectrum of an abelianization of the associative \(\mathbb C\)-algebra, and by replacing the local ring of regular functions by a particular completion of the \(\mathbb C\)-algebra. Let \(A\) be an associative \(\mathbb C\)-algebra, and define the lower central series filtration by \(L_1(A)=A\), \(L_k(A)=[A,L_{k-1}(A)]\). The \textit{Lower central series ideals} are \(M_k(A)=AL_k(A)A=AL_k(A)\), and \(A\) is called \textit{NC-complete} if it is complete in the \(M_k(A)\)-topology. Let \(A\) be NC-complete with abelianization \(\pi:A\rightarrow A_{\mathrm{ab}}\). Let \(S=\pi^{-1}(\overline S)\subset A\) be the multiplicative subset corresponding to a multiplicative subset \(\overline{S}\subset A_{\mathrm{ab}}\). The \textit{stalk} of \(A\) at \(x\in\mathrm{Spec}(A_{\mathrm{ab}})\) is the direct limit of all localizations \(A[S^{-1}]\) where \(\overline{S}\subset A_{\mathrm{ab}}\) runs through the multiplicative subsets of functions not vanishing at \(x\). An NC-complete algebra is called \textit{NC-smooth of dimension} \(n\) if all its completed stalks are isomorphic to \(\hat{A}_n=\langle\langle x_1,\dots,x_n\rangle\rangle.\) An \textit{affine NC-manifold} is a pair \((\mathrm{Spec}(A_{\mathrm{ab}}),A)\) of a smooth affine variety and a NC-smooth algebra \(A\) abelianizing to it. An \textit{NC-manifold} is a smooth variety \(X\) of dimension \(n\) and a sheaf \(\mathcal A\) of associative \(\mathbb C\)-algebras which is locally an affine NC-manifold of dimension \(n\). Finally, an \textit{NC-thickening} of a smooth variety \(X\) is a sheaf of algebras \(\mathcal A\) such that \((X,\mathcal A)\) is an NC-manifold. This defines a category \(\mathrm{NC-Th}_X\). This article builds on earlier work by Jordan, Kapranov, Polishchuk, Tu and the author which studied NC-manifolds via commutative algebraic geometry on the abelianization. Kapranov's construction of NC-thickenings is not functorial, and so does not give such on non-affine \(X\). In this paper, a new geometric criterion for the existence of NC-thickenings are given by developing an analogue of formal algebraic geometry for NC-manifolds. The article defines \textit{the bundle of coordinate systems} \(\mathcal M\) of \(X\). It is defined by its fibre over \(x\in X\) as the space of isomorphisms between the formal neighbourhood of \(x\) and the abstract formal disk \(\mathrm{Spec }\hat{\mathcal O}_n=\mathbb C[[x_1,\dots,x_n]]\). This is a principal bundle for the pro-algebraic group \(G_n^+\) of augmented algebra automorphisms of \(\hat{\mathcal O}_n\). \(G_n\) denotes the full group of algebra automorphisms. The authors reformulate the theory of NC-manifolds to \textit{noncommutative coordinate systems}. These are principal bundles for \(H_n^+=\mathrm{Aut}_{\mathrm{aug}}\hat{A}\), the augmented automorphisms of the formal noncommutative disk arising from NC-thickenings as frame bundles, and form a category \(\mathrm{NC-Coord}_X\). The \textit{Gelfand-Kazhdan structure} is a splitting of the Atiyah sequence on \(\mathcal M\), valued in \(\mathrm{Lie}(G_n)\), the full group of automorphisms of \(\hat{\mathcal O}_n\). This structure is essential in the classical formal geometry, and the authors define a \textit{noncommutative Gelfand-Kazhdan structure} on \(\mathcal M\). It is proved that the categories \(\mathrm{NC-Th}_X\) and \(\mathrm{NC-Coord}_X\) is equivalent, \textit{NC-connections} is defined, and then it is proved that the category of NC-thickenings \(\mathrm{NC-Th}_X\) is equivalent to NC-connections \(\mathrm{NC-Conn}_X\). Also an equivalence of \(\mathrm{NC-Coord}_X\) and \(\mathrm{NC-Conn}_X\) is a main result making the different categories under consideration equivalent. Now, to prove the above, the author studies the corresponding graded and formal associative algebras. Kapranov constructed an isomorphism between a natural enhancement of the formal neighbourhood of the diagonal in \(X\times X\) and a natural enhancement of the formal neighbourhood of the zero section in the tangent bundle, giving an \(L_\infty\)-structure on \(\mathcal T_X[-1]\) by the geometry of the bundle of coordinate systems on \(X\). In an earlier text, the authors recover the \textit{structure sheaf} \(\mathcal A\) of an NC-manifold from the kernel of a collection of structure maps on \(\hat{T}_{\mathcal O}\Omega^1\), and in the present article, he proves how to construct the structure maps from the bundle of NC-coordinate systems associated with \(\mathcal A\). It is noted that from the perspective of Koszul duality, the paper can be viewed as the case of manifolds over the associative operad. It is also reasonable that this theory leads to a connection between Gelfand-Kazhdan structures and Koszul duality of operads. The first parts of the article gives the necessary definitions and ideas in a nice and readable way. The final parts of the article which contains the proofs of the main results mentioned above, depends heavily on a good understanding of the previous articles referred in the text, so is more demanding for the reader. However, the article is a big step forward in unifying the NC-geometry.