Center conditions in a switching Bautin system (Q2343533)

Consider a switching system on the plane of the form \[ \begin{gathered} \dot x = \delta x - y + f^+(x, y, \mu), \\ \dot y = x + \delta y + g^+(x, y, \mu) \text{ in the halfplane } y > 0\end{gathered}\eqno{(1)} \] and \[ \begin{gathered} \dot x = \delta x - y + f^-(x, y, \mu), \\ \dot y = x + \delta y + g^-(x, y, \mu) \text{ in the halfplane } y < 0,\end{gathered} \] where \(\mu \in {\mathbb R}^m\) is a vector of parameters and the functions \(f^\pm\) and \(g^\pm\) are of suitable regularity and vanish together with both their first partial derivatives at the origin. The authors develop a purely algebraic recursive procedure for computing Lyapunov constants of the general switching system (1) and apply it to the quadratic switching system \[ \begin{gathered} \dot x = \delta x - y - a_3 x^2 + (a_5 + a_2) xy + (a_6 + a_3) y^2, \\ \dot y = x + \delta y + a_2 x^2 + (a_4 - a_3) xy + (a_1 - a_2) y^2 \text{ in the halfplane } y > 0\end{gathered} \] and \[ \begin{gathered} \dot x = \delta x - y - b_3 x^2 + (b_5 + b_2) xy + (b_6 + b_3) y^2, \\ \dot y = x + \delta y + b_2 x^2 + (b_4 - b_3) xy + (b_1 - b_2) y^2 \text{ in the halfplane } y > 0\end{gathered} \] in the special case that \(a_1 = b_1 = 0\). They give a complete characterization of when the origin is a center when, additionally, \(a_6 b_6 = 0\), and construct a perturbation that gives rise to at least 10 small amplitude limit cycles.