Hopf algebra structure on packed square matrices. (Q2347880)

A family indexed by nonnegative integers \(k\) of packed square matrices is introduced and studied; the entries of these matrices are the elements of \(\{0,\ldots,k\}\). The product is given by a shuffle product of the columns and the coproduct is a decomposition of the matrices as concatenations of packed square blocks, up to a decompression of the blocks. It is proved that these Hopf algebras are self-dual, thanks to the transposition, and bidendriform in the sense of \textit{L. Foissy} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 209, No. 2, 439-459 (2007; Zbl 1123.16030)]. Several subalgebras are introduced, in particular some isomorphic to the Hopf algebra of permutations \(\mathbf{FQSym}\) or to its decorated versions, one isomorphic to the Hopf algebra of uniform block permutations introduced by Aguiar and Orellana, and others related to the Sylvester or to the plactic congruence. A Hopf bidendriform subalgebra of alternating sign matrices is also described, and also certain quotients defined with the help of alternating sign matrices statistics. Note that this article is based on computer explorations using the open-source software Sage and its extension Sage-Combinat.