\(M\)-sets and the representation problem (Q2350212)

The authors solve the representation problem in \textit{W. J. Blok} and \textit{B. Jónsson}'s original context of \(\mathcal M\)-sets (where \(\mathcal M\) is monoid) [ibid. 83, No. 1--3, 91--110 (2006; Zbl 1106.03059)]. It is shown that \(\mathbb R\) is an \(\mathcal{M}\)-set having the representation property if and only if \(\mathbb R\) is onto-projective in \(\mathcal{M}\)-Set. The authors prove that this leads to the characterization of \(\mathcal{M}\)-sets as the ones that can be equipped with a graduation which enjoys a generalized graded variable introduced by \textit{J. Gil-Férez} [Arch. Math. Logic 50, No. 1--2, 45--73 (2011; Zbl 1221.03013); Categorical application to abstract algebraic logic. Barcelona: University of Barcelona (PhD Thesis) (2009)].