Blowing up extremal Kähler manifolds. II (Q2350293)

This paper studies the following problem: suppose \((M,\omega)\) is a compact Kähler manifold with an extremal Kähler metric, and \(p\in M\). When does the blowup \(\tilde{M}\) of \(M\) at \(p\) admit an extremal metric in all Kähler classes which make the exceptional divisor sufficiently small? This is a challenging problem, because in general the existence of extremal Kähler metrics in a (rational) Kähler class is conjectured to be equivalent to an algebro-geometric notion of stability of the polarized manifold (known as ``relative K-polystability''). The first results concerning this question are due to \textit{C. Arezzo} and \textit{F. Pacard} [Acta Math. 196, No. 2, 179--228 (2006; Zbl 1123.53036); Ann. Math. (2) 170, No. 2, 685-738 (2009; Zbl 1202.53069)] and \textit{C. Arezzo} et al. [Duke Math. J. 157, No. 1, 1--51 (2011; Zbl 1221.32008)], who proved that indeed \(\tilde{M}\) admits such extremal metrics, under certain additional hypotheses. Later work by the author [Duke Math. J. 161, No. 8, 1411--1453 (2012; Zbl 1259.58002)] settled the above-mentioned conjecture in the case when \((M,\omega)\) which is Kähler-Einstein, and posed a technical conjecture which would solve the case when \((M,\omega)\) has constant scalar curvature. The main result of this paper is to solve this technical conjecture, and therefore solving completely the above-mentioned conjecture when \((M,\omega)\) has constant scalar curvature and has complex dimension at least \(3\). This requires a refining of the gluing techniques of the above-mentioned papers, a solid understanding of the deformation problem for relatively stable points in Geometric Invariant Theory, and some technical algebro-geometric calculations of Futaki invariants on blowups. Overall, this is a groundbreaking paper, where analysis, differential geometry and algebraic geometry come together beautifully.