Hamiltonian structures in the quantum theory of Hamilton-Dirac systems (Q2353065)

Hamiltonian structures related to quantum mechanics on locally convex spaces (LCS) endowed with a symplectic structure has been considered in the work of \textit{V. V. Kozlov} and the second author [Dokl. Math. 85, No. 3, 416--420 (2012; Zbl 1260.81092); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 444, No. 6, 607--611 (2012)]. The study was developed in [the authors, Dokl. Math. 87, No. 3, 289--292 (2013; Zbl 1312.81143); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 450, No. 2, 150--153 (2013)], where secondary quantization of the Hamiltonian systems is defined as Schrödinger quantization. In the paper under review, the authors investigate Hamiltonian aspects of the quantum theory of constrained systems, called Hamilton-Dirac systems, in order to generalize the construction of \textit{P. A. M. Dirac} for constrained Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics [Lectures on Quantum Mechanics. New York, NY: Yeshiva Univ. (1964)]. An almost Poisson LCS is defined as a pair \((E,\mathbb{J})\), where \(E\) is an LCS and \(\mathbb{J}: E\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(E',E)\) is a smooth mapping such that \(\mathbb{J}(x)^*(E')\subseteq E\), \(\mathbb{J}(x)^*=-\mathbb{J}(x)\). \(\mathcal{L}^n(E_1,E_2)\) denotes the space of all continous \(n\)-linear mappings of \(E_1\) to \(E_2\), where \(E_1, E_2\) are LCS, and \(E'\) is the dual of \(E\). Then the \(\mathbb{J}\)-bracket \(\left\{\cdot,\cdot\right\}\) is defined and the pair \((E,\mathbb{J})\) is called a symplectic LCS. It is introduced a function \(\mathcal{H}\) on \(E\) -- the Hamilton function -- and a function \(\psi\) is defined on \(E\) with values in another LCS \(Z_{\psi}\), to which it is attached the set \(\mathfrak{M}_{\psi}:= \left\{x\in E |\psi(x)=0\right\}\), with the condition that if \(\psi(x)=0\), then \(\left\{\psi,\psi\right\}(x)=0\) and \(\left\{\mathcal{H},\psi\right\}(x)=0\). \(\psi\) and \(\mathfrak{M}_{\psi}\) are called constraints, and the set \((E,\mathbb{J},\mathcal{H},\psi)\) is called a Hamilton-Dirac system, generalizing the corresponding notion introduced by Dirac [loc. cit.]. The function \(\mathcal{H}_E(t):= \mathcal{H}+t\lambda(t)\psi\) is called generalized Hamiltonian, where \(\lambda \) is defined on \(Z'_{\Psi}\). If \(\mathbb{J}\) is constant, then the equation \(f'(t)=\mathbb{J}((\mathcal{H}_E(t))'(f(t))\) is called Hamilton-Dirac equation, where \(f'\) denotes the derivative of \(f\). The system of equations \(\dot{F}(t)=\left\{\mathcal{H},F(t)\right\}\), \(\left\{\psi,F(t)\right\}=0\) is called Liouville-Dirac. It is asserted that The Hamilton-Dirac equation is equivalent to the system of equations \(g'(t)=\mathbb{J}(\mathcal{H}_E(t))'(g(t))\), \(\psi(g(t))=0\). Next section defines Schrödinger quantization of Hamilton-Dirac systems. Firstly are defined pseudodifferentials operators on the function spaces generated on the constraint \(\mathfrak{M}_{\psi}\). If \(E=Q\oplus P\), where \(P\), \(Q\) are copies of \(\mathbb{R}^n\), let \(S\subset E\) be a submanifold of \(E\) whose projection on \(Q\) is a submanifold without boundaries in \(Q\). If \(h\) is a function defined on a certain space \(\mathcal{F}^h_S\), then it is defined a pseudodifferential operator \(\hat{h}^S_{\tau}\), \(\tau\in[0,1]\), while the operator corresponding to value \(\tau=\frac{1}{2}\) is called Weyl quantization. By quantum system, the authors understand the pair \((E,\hat{\mathcal{H}})\) of the Hilbert space \(E\) and the self-adjoint operator \(\hat{\mathcal{H}}:E\rightarrow E\). Then, it is defined the Schrödinger quantization of the Hamilton-Dirac system. A Stone-von-Neumann type theorem is enunciated for the defined Schrödinger quantization. In the last section, it is defined the secondary quantization of Hamilton-Dirac systems without interaction and it is asserted that the Hamilton-Dirac system is a equivalent with a Schrödinger type equation plus a condition, generalizing the results of Dirac.