The subelliptic heat kernel on the three-dimensional solvable Lie groups (Q2353616)

Let \(G\) be a Lie group with a left-invariant distribution \(H\subset TG,\) and with a left-invariant inner product \(g\) on \(H\). If \(H\) satisfies the Hörmander condition (that iterated Lie brackets of \(H_e\) generate the Lie algebra of \(G\)), then this data determines a sub-Riemannian structure on \(G\). In this paper it is assumed that \(\dim G=3, \dim H=2,\) and \(G\) is solvable. After recalling the classification of all such sub-Riemannian structures, the authors compute explicitly the subelliptic heat kernel and heat semigroup, in a case-by-case fashion. They also obtain heat semigroup gradient bounds via a new curvature-dimension inequality.