\(p\)-adic Hilbert modular forms of weight 1 (Q2356923)

The main result of this paper shows that certain representations of the absolute Galois group of a totally real number field are modular of weight \(1\). Let \(F\) be a totally real number field and \(p\) a prime number, \(p\neq 2\). Let \((p)=\prod_{i=1}^r\pi_i^{e_i}\) the decomposition of the principal ideal \((p)\) in primes ideals of the ring of integers \(\mathcal{O}_F\) of \(F\). For each \(i=1,\dots,r\), let \(d_i\) denote the residual degree of \(\pi_i\). Fix a representation \(\rho:\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{F}/F)\longrightarrow\mathrm{GL}_2(\bar{\mathbb{Z}}_p)\) where \(\bar{\mathbb{Z}}_p\) is the valuation ring of an algebraic closure \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p\) of \(\mathbb{Q}_p\). Assume that the following conditions are satisfied: (1) \(\rho\) is continuous, (2) \(\rho\) is ramified at a finite number of places, (3) for all \(\pi_i\mid p\) there are \(\alpha_i\) and \(\beta_i\) in \(\bar{\mathbb{Z}}_p\) such that \(\alpha_i\not\equiv\beta_i\) modulo the maximal ideal of \(\bar{\mathbb{Z}}_p\) and the restriction of \(\rho\) to the decomposition group of \(\pi_i\) is isomorphic to \(\psi_{\alpha_i}\oplus\psi_{\beta_i}\) where \(\psi_{\alpha_i}\) and \(\psi_{\beta_i}\) are the unramified characters taking the Frobenius element at \(\pi_i\) to \(\alpha_i\) and \(\beta_i\), respectively, (4) the restriction of \(\rho\) to the absolute Galois group of the field \({F}(\zeta_p)\) is absolutely irreducible, where \(\zeta_p^p=1\) and \(\zeta_p\neq 1\), (5) for all \(i=1,\dots,r\), we have \(e_i\leq p-1\) if \(d_i\geq 2\) and \(e_i\leq p\) if \(d_i=1\), (6) the reduction \(\bar{\rho}\) of \(\rho\) modulo the maximal ideal of \(\bar{\mathbb{Z}}_p\) is either modular if \(p\geq 7\) and \([F(\zeta_p):F]>4\), or is modular and the corresponding modular form is ordinary if \(p\neq 3\) and \([F(\zeta_p):F]>3\). Then there exists a cuspidal Hilbert modular form which has weight \(1\) and is an eigenform for all Hecke operators with eigenvalues in \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\), and an embedding \(i_p:\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\hookrightarrow\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p\), such that \(\rho=\rho_{f,i_p}\), where \(\rho_{f,i_p}\) is the \(p\)-adic representation attached to \(f\) and \(i_p\). For \(F=\mathbb{Q}\), this result is due to Buzzard and Taylor. The author follows the strategy of Buzzard-Taylor for the proof. First, modular lifting theorems of Taylor-Wiles and Kisin combined with results on companion forms show the existence of \(p\)-adic modular forms, one for each choice of \(\{\alpha_i,\beta_i\}\), which are ordinary eigenforms of weight \(1\), for each \(i=1,\dots,r\) (so we have \(2^r\) such forms) and having the same Galois representations. One has then only to show that a combination of these forms is actually classical. So the main result of this paper can also be understood as a classicality result for \(p\)-adic modular forms. To show this, one has to extend the domain of convergence of an overconvergent eigenform with finite slope on the Hilbert variety of level \(p\) by analytic continuation via Kassaie series. In weight \(1\), Kassaei series does not converge, but one can nevertheless show that it is possible to extend overconvergent modular forms on a rigid open subset of the Hilbert variety at level \(p\). This surjects into the variety of prime to \(p\) level. One finds a linear combination of these \(2^r\) forms which satisfies the descent datum from the variety with level \(p\) to that with level prime to \(p\), showing the classicality result; also this classicality result works under more general conditions than the modularity theorem (it is shown for all totally real number fields and all prime numbers \(p\) for which the condition (5) above on the ramification is satisfied). Finally, an application to Artin's conjecture is given.