Iwasawa modules and \(p\)-modular representations of GL2 (Q2357000)

Let \(F\) be a \(p\)-adic field, \(\mathcal{O}_F\) its ring of integers and \(k_F\) be its residue field. The \(p\)-adic Langlands program intends to establish a dictionary between \(n\)-dimensional \(p\)-adic Galois representations of \(\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}_p/F)\) and certain \(p\)-adic Banach space representations of \(\text{GL}_n(F)\). We expect such correspondence to be compatible with the mod-\(p\) reduction of coefficients, to be realized in appropriate cohomologies of Shimura curves and to be compatible with deformation-theoretic techniques. This correspondence is well understood for the special case of \(\text{GL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)\). The first breakthrough was Breuil's classification of \(p\)-modular supercuspidal representations of \(\text{GL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)\) (cf. [\textit{C. Breuil}, Compos. Math. 138, No. 2, 165--188 (2003; Zbl 1044.11041)]), giving a natural parametrization of their isomorphism classes by means of irreducible 2-dimensional Galois representations. The second breakthrough was the realization of a functor from smooth, finite length admissible \(p\)-modular representations of \(\text{GL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)\) to Fontaine's \((\varphi, \Gamma)\)-modules by \textit{P. Colmez} (\S IV, [Astérisque 330, 281--509 (2010; Zbl 1218.11107)]). There has been an extensive research for a \(p\)-modular correspondence for \(\text{GL}_2\) over finite extensions of \(\mathbb{Q}_p\) over the last years. The most striking phenomenon is the proliferation of supercuspidal representations (as shown by the work of \textit{C. Breuil} and \textit{V. Paškūnas} [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 1016, 114 p. (2012; Zbl 1245.22010)] and \textit{Y. Hu} [J. Algebra 324, No. 7, 1577--1615 (2010; Zbl 1206.22010)]), which does not seem to find any justification on the Galois side (the mod-\(p\), absolutely irreducible Galois representations of \(\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}_p/F)\) are finitely many up to isomorphism). Although many problems in the category of smooth \(p\)-modular representations of \(\text{GL}_2(F)\) are extremely delicate, investigations in the last years showed that their approach by Iwasawa theoretical methods can be fruitful (cf. Hu, Morra and Schraen [\textit{Y. Hu} et al., Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 131, 49--65 (2014; Zbl 1311.22024)] and \textit{B. Schraen} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 704, 187--208 (2015; Zbl 1321.22025)]). The objective of the paper under review is to develop this approach, describing a way to associate to a universal \(p\)-modular representation of \(\text{GL}_2\) a module over a power series ring of characteristic \(p\) (the Iwasawa algebra of the integral points of a unipotent radical of \(\text{GL}_2\)) endowed with commuting semilinear actions of \(\mathcal{O}_F^\times\) and a Frobenius morphism \(\mathcal{F}\), and study some of its properties when \(F\) is unramified. It turns out that such a module is torsion free, the Frobenius action is \(p\)-étale and its quotients by certain non-zero submodules have dense torsion.